Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Department of Big Data Strategy, National Health Insurance Service, Wonju, Republic of Korea.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Jun 15;303:119164. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119164. Epub 2022 Mar 16.
Adipokines, cytokines secreted by adipose tissue, may contribute to obesity-related metabolic disease. The role of environmental phenols and parabens in racial difference in metabolic disease burden has been suggested, but there is limited evidence. We examined the cross-sectional associations of urinary phenols and parabens with adipokines and effect modification by race. Urinary concentrations of 6 phenols (bisphenol-A, bisphenol-F, 2,4-diclorophenol, 2,5-diclorophenol, triclosan, benzophenone-3) and 4 parabens (methyl-paraben, ethyl-paraben, propyl-paraben, butyl-paraben) were measured in 2002-2003 among 1200 women (mean age = 52.6) enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Multi-Pollutant Study. Serum adipokines included adiponectin, high molecular weight (HMW)-adiponectin, leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R). Linear regression models were used to estimate the adjusted percentage change in adipokines per inter-quantile range (IQR) increase in standardized and log-transformed levels of individual urinary phenols and parabens. Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) was used to evaluate the joint effect of urinary phenols and parabens as mixtures. Participants included white (52.5%), black (19.3%), and Asian (28.1%) women. Urinary 2,4-dichlorophenol was associated with 6.02% (95% CI: 1.20%, 10.83%) higher HMW-adiponectin and urinary bisphenol-F was associated with 2.60% (0.48%, 4.71%) higher sOB-R. Urinary methyl-paraben was associated with lower leptin in all women but this association differed by race: 8.58% (-13.99%, -3.18%) lower leptin in white women but 11.68% (3.52%, 19.84%) higher leptin in black women (P interaction = 0.001). No significant associations were observed in Asian women. Additionally, we observed a significant positive overall effect of urinary phenols and parabens mixtures in relation to leptin levels in black, but not in white or Asian women. Urinary bisphenol-F, 2,4-dichlorophenol and methyl-paraben may be associated with favorable profiles of adipokines, but methyl-paraben, widely used in hair and personal care products, was associated with unfavorable leptin levels in black women. Future studies are needed to confirm this racial difference.
脂肪细胞因子是脂肪组织分泌的细胞因子，可能与肥胖相关的代谢性疾病有关。环境酚类物质和对羟基苯甲酸酯在代谢性疾病负担的种族差异中的作用已被提出，但证据有限。我们研究了尿液中酚类物质和对羟基苯甲酸酯与脂肪细胞因子的横断面相关性，并研究了种族对其的影响。在 2002-2003 年，对参加全国妇女健康研究多污染物研究的 1200 名女性（平均年龄 52.6 岁）的尿液中 6 种酚类物质（双酚 A、双酚 F、2,4-二氯苯酚、2,5-二氯苯酚、三氯生、二苯甲酮-3）和 4 种对羟基苯甲酸酯（甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯、乙基对羟基苯甲酸酯、丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯、丁基对羟基苯甲酸酯）的浓度进行了测量。血清脂肪细胞因子包括脂联素、高分子量（HMW）-脂联素、瘦素、可溶性瘦素受体（sOB-R）。使用线性回归模型估计了标准化和对数转换的个体尿液中酚类物质和对羟基苯甲酸酯每增加一个四分位距（IQR）时，脂肪细胞因子的调整后百分比变化。贝叶斯核机器回归（BKMR）用于评估尿液中酚类物质和对羟基苯甲酸酯作为混合物的联合效应。参与者包括白人（52.5%）、黑人（19.3%）和亚洲人（28.1%）女性。2,4-二氯苯酚与 HMW-脂联素升高 6.02%（95%CI：1.20%，10.83%）相关，双酚 F 与 sOB-R 升高 2.60%（0.48%，4.71%）相关。尿液中的甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯与所有女性的瘦素水平降低有关，但这种关联因种族而异：白人女性的瘦素降低 8.58%（-13.99%，-3.18%），而黑人女性的瘦素升高 11.68%（3.52%，19.84%）（P 交互=0.001）。亚洲女性中未观察到显著相关性。此外，我们观察到尿液中酚类物质和对羟基苯甲酸酯混合物与黑人体内瘦素水平之间存在显著的正相关总体效应，但在白人和亚洲女性中则没有。双酚 F、2,4-二氯苯酚和甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯可能与脂肪细胞因子的有利特征有关，但在黑人女性中，广泛用于头发和个人护理产品的甲基对羟基苯甲酸酯与不利的瘦素水平有关。需要进一步的研究来证实这种种族差异。
