Rapid detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by an enzyme immunoassay method.

Chlamydia trachomatis has been shown to be a major cause of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. An enzyme immunoassay (Abbot Laboratories) has been developed that detects chlamydial antigen directly in the urogenital specimens of patients. We have evaluated specimens from 1,074 patients belonging to one of three risk groups. Three swabs were collected from each patient--one each for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia cell culture, and enzyme immunoassay. When compared with cell culture, the sensitivity and specificity of the enzyme immunoassay for symptomatic males and females attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic was 82% and 100%, and 91.3% and 95.0%, respectively. A moderate risk group, consisting of female patients seen at either urology or gynecology clinics for genitourinary symptoms was also evaluated. The sensitivity and specificity of the test on this group was 96% and 96.7%. A population of females at low risk were also screened for chlamydial infection. In this group, the sensitivity and specificity of the enzyme immunoassay was 89.3% and 93.2%, respectively. This rapid test is a highly specific and sensitive procedure for the detection of chlamydial antigen in genital specimens from high risk female patients as well as symptomatic males.