J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2022 Jul-Aug;62(4):1124-1132. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2022.02.018. Epub 2022 Feb 28.
Decentralization and authentication are embedded in blockchain technology, which utilizes artificial intelligence (AI) to ensure seamless sharing of data among different health care providers while safeguarding data privacy. Although community pharmacists are highly accessible to patients and possess robust clinical knowledge, they are limited in the clinical services they can provide owing to their lack of access to patient health records. We proposed a blockchain- and AI-based conceptual framework by performing a scoping review of successful blockchain integration in health systems.
To formulate a conceptual framework based on a scoping review to improve access to health care data in the community pharmacy setting through the adoption of blockchain technology and AI.
We performed a scoping review of literature based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses review criteria to identify the specific areas where blockchain can be implemented in health systems. We utilized the Pharmacists' Patient Care Process (PPCP) to identify 2 critical areas for blockchain integration that can support community pharmacists to access patient electronic health records and implement patient-specific information in clinical decision-making.
We included 7 articles out of 70 articles in our final review. The 2 areas in the PPCP identified for the use of blockchain on the basis of the literature review were "Assess" and "Implement." Our proposed model involves pharmacists using AI and blockchain technology to comprehensively assess any concerns with the prescribed medication through access to laboratory results for patients and then implement a plan based on a comprehensive assessment of the patient's health record.
Utilizing blockchain to securely share health data with community pharmacies has the potential to improve patient outcomes, optimize medication safety, and amplify pharmacists' roles in patient care. Future research should focus on implementing the model in the real-world settings.
去中心化和身份验证是区块链技术的固有特性，该技术利用人工智能 (AI) 确保不同医疗服务提供者之间无缝共享数据，同时保护数据隐私。尽管社区药剂师与患者的联系非常紧密，并且拥有扎实的临床知识，但由于无法访问患者的健康记录，他们能够提供的临床服务有限。我们通过对成功整合区块链技术到卫生系统的文献进行范围综述，提出了一个基于区块链和人工智能的概念框架。
通过采用区块链技术和人工智能，制定一个基于范围综述的概念框架，改善社区药剂师获取医疗保健数据的途径。
我们按照系统评价和荟萃分析报告的首选报告项目进行了文献范围综述，以确定区块链可以在卫生系统中实施的具体领域。我们利用药剂师患者护理流程 (PPCP) 来确定 2 个区块链整合的关键领域，这些领域可以支持社区药剂师访问患者的电子健康记录，并将患者的特定信息应用于临床决策。
我们从 70 篇文章中最终纳入了 7 篇文章。基于文献综述，在 PPCP 中确定了 2 个可以使用区块链的领域，分别是“评估”和“实施”。我们提出的模型涉及药剂师使用人工智能和区块链技术，通过访问患者的实验室结果，全面评估患者用药的任何问题，然后根据患者健康记录的全面评估，实施治疗方案。
利用区块链安全地与社区药房共享健康数据有可能改善患者的治疗效果、优化药物安全性，并扩大药剂师在患者护理中的作用。未来的研究应侧重于在现实环境中实施该模型。
