Ferrell Kia C, Johansen Matt D, Triccas James A, Counoupas Claudio
School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Tuberculosis Research Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Front Microbiol. 2022 Mar 3;13:842017. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.842017. eCollection 2022.
is a member of the non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) group, responsible for chronic infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) or those otherwise immunocompromised. While viewed traditionally as an opportunistic pathogen, increasing research into in recent years has highlighted its continued evolution into a true pathogen. This is demonstrated through an extensive collection of virulence factors (VFs) possessed by this organism which facilitate survival within the host, particularly in the harsh environment of the CF lung. These include VFs resembling those of other Mycobacteria, and non-mycobacterial VFs, both of which make a notable contribution in shaping interaction with the host. continued acquisition of VFs is cause for concern and highlights the need for novel vaccination strategies to combat this pathogen. An effective vaccine must be suitably designed for target populations (i.e., individuals with CF) and incorporate current knowledge on immune correlates of protection against infection. Vaccination strategies must also build upon lessons learned from ongoing efforts to develop novel vaccines for other pathogens, particularly (); decades of research into has provided insight into unconventional and innovative vaccine approaches that may be applied to . Continued research into pathogenesis will be critical for the future development of safe and effective vaccines and therapeutics to reduce global incidence of this emerging pathogen.
是非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）组的成员，可导致囊性纤维化（CF）患者或其他免疫功能低下个体的慢性感染。虽然传统上被视为机会性病原体，但近年来对其的研究不断增加，突出了其逐渐演变成真正病原体的情况。这通过该生物体拥有的大量毒力因子（VF）得到证明，这些毒力因子有助于在宿主体内生存，特别是在CF肺部的恶劣环境中。这些毒力因子包括与其他分枝杆菌相似的毒力因子以及非分枝杆菌毒力因子，两者在塑造与宿主的相互作用方面都做出了显著贡献。毒力因子的持续获得令人担忧，并凸显了对抗这种病原体的新型疫苗策略的必要性。一种有效的疫苗必须针对目标人群（即CF患者）进行适当设计，并纳入当前关于预防感染的免疫相关知识。疫苗策略还必须借鉴从正在进行的针对其他病原体（特别是）开发新型疫苗的努力中吸取的经验教训；对数十年的研究为可能应用于的非常规和创新疫苗方法提供了见解。对发病机制的持续研究对于未来开发安全有效的疫苗和治疗方法以降低这种新兴病原体的全球发病率至关重要。
