: It's Complex.

() is an opportunistic pathogen usually colonizing abnormal lung airways and is often seen in patients with cystic fibrosis. Currently, there is no vaccine available for in clinical development. The treatment of -related pulmonary diseases is peculiar due to intrinsic resistance to several commonly used antibiotics. The development of either prophylactic or therapeutic interventions for pulmonary infections is hindered by the absence of an adequate experimental animal model. In this review, we outline the critical elements related to virulence mechanisms, host-pathogen interactions, and treatment challenges associated with pulmonary infections. The challenges of effectively combating this pathogen include developing appropriate preclinical animal models of infection, developing proper diagnostics, and designing novel strategies for treating drug-resistant .