Salokannel Marjut, Ollila Eeva
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Cancer Society of Finland, Finland, and University of Tampere, Helsinki, Finland.
Nordisk Alkohol Nark. 2021 Dec;38(6):540-554. doi: 10.1177/1455072521995704. Epub 2021 Mar 3.
Use of snus and snus-like nicotine products is increasing, in particular among young people, in several Nordic countries and Estonia, while snus is legally on the market only in Sweden and Norway. Snus is available in a great variety of tastes and packaging particularly catering for young users. Recently, strong snus-resembling nicotine pouches have emerged on the market. This research investigates the regulatory means to counteract this development.
European Union (EU) and national tobacco control legislation, case law of the European Court of Justice (CJEU) and relevant public health studies are analysed.
The research finds that the judgement of the CJEU relating to the sale of snus on Finnish ferries has not been enforced. Permitted large traveller imports for personal use have contributed to wide availability of snus in Finland. Even if the legislation in Sweden is in conformity with the exemption it obtained in the Accession Treaty, the public health impact of snus use for young people in its neighbouring countries has become considerable. Nicotine pouches, -which are not regarded as medical products in terms of medicine legislation, lack harmonised EU-wide regulation. Controlling smuggling across open borders is challenging.
The legislation at the EU and national levels should be able to protect young people from new tobacco and nicotine products. It is urgent to harmonise regulation relating to new tobacco and nicotine products taking as a base a high level of protection of health as required in the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU.
在几个北欧国家和爱沙尼亚,口含烟及类似口含烟的尼古丁产品的使用正在增加,尤其是在年轻人当中,而口含烟仅在瑞典和挪威合法上市。口含烟有各种各样的口味和包装,特别迎合年轻用户。最近,市场上出现了与口含烟极为相似的强力尼古丁袋。本研究调查了应对这一发展趋势的监管手段。
对欧盟(EU)和国家烟草控制立法、欧洲法院(CJEU)的判例法以及相关公共卫生研究进行了分析。
研究发现,欧洲法院关于在芬兰渡轮上销售口含烟的判决并未得到执行。允许大量旅行者为个人使用而进口口含烟,导致口含烟在芬兰广泛可得。即使瑞典的立法符合其在加入条约中获得的豁免规定,口含烟对其邻国年轻人的公共卫生影响也已相当大。尼古丁袋在药品立法方面不被视为医疗产品,缺乏全欧盟统一的监管。控制通过开放边境的走私具有挑战性。
欧盟和国家层面的立法应能够保护年轻人免受新型烟草和尼古丁产品的侵害。迫切需要以欧盟运行条约所要求的高度健康保护为基础,对口含烟及类似口含烟的尼古丁产品的使用进行监管。