BEST Services, Galway City, Ireland.
Alive & Thrive Southeast Asia/FHI 360, Manila, Philippines.
Matern Child Nutr. 2022 May;18 Suppl 3(Suppl 3):e13335. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13335. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
The influence of marketing on infant and young child feeding and health is well recognized, and an International Code was adopted by the World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1981 to reduce inappropriate marketing and protect breastfeeding. Yet the marketing and influencing continue. This scoping review systematically examined the published research evidence on the nature and extent of exposure to International Code violations from 1981 to August 2021. We used several search strategies involving multi-language databases, organization websites, citation tracking, and expert consultation, to find research items meeting our inclusion criteria. We evaluated 657 items and retained 153 studies from at least 95 countries in the review. The majority of the studies (n = 113) documenting exposure to inappropriate marketing were published since 2010. Studies reported a broad range of marketing violations targeting mothers and families, health workers, and the general public. Marketing via digital platforms and brand extension has become more frequent. The evidence shows the use of misleading and inaccurate labeling and health and nutrition claims in breach of the Code. Our review confirms that violations of the Code have not ceased and calls for renewed attention from the WHA and national governments to protect the health of children and their mothers.
营销对婴幼儿喂养和健康的影响是众所周知的，1981 年世界卫生大会（WHA）通过了《国际母乳代用品销售守则》，以减少不当营销并保护母乳喂养。然而，营销和影响力仍在继续。本范围审查系统地审查了 1981 年至 2021 年 8 月期间发表的关于国际母乳代用品销售守则违规行为的性质和程度的已发表研究证据。我们使用了几种搜索策略，涉及多语言数据库、组织网站、引文跟踪和专家咨询，以找到符合纳入标准的研究项目。我们评估了 657 个项目，并在审查中保留了来自至少 95 个国家的 153 项研究。记录了不适当营销的研究（n=113）大多是自 2010 年以来发表的。这些研究报告了针对母亲和家庭、卫生工作者和公众的各种营销违规行为。通过数字平台和品牌延伸进行营销的情况变得更加频繁。证据表明，违反守则使用了误导性和不准确的标签以及健康和营养声明。我们的审查证实，守则的违规行为并未停止，并呼吁世界卫生大会和各国政府重新关注保护儿童及其母亲的健康。
