Izawa Yu, Nishii Tatsuya, Mori Shumpei
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan.
Tomography. 2022 Mar 17;8(2):824-841. doi: 10.3390/tomography8020068.
Innovations in invasive cardiovascular diagnostics and therapeutics, not only limited to transcatheter approaches but also involving surgical approaches, are based on a precise appreciation of the three-dimensional living heart anatomy. Rapid advancements in three-dimensional cardiovascular imaging technologies in the 21st century have supported such innovations through the periprocedural assessment of the clinical anatomy of the living heart. However, even if high-resolution volume-rendered images are reconstructed, they cannot provide appropriate depth perception when displayed and shared on a two-dimensional display, which is widely used in clinical settings. Currently, images reconstructed from clinical datasets can visualize fine details of the cardiovascular anatomy. Therefore, this is an optimal time for cardiologists and cardiac surgeons to revisit the classic technology, stereopsis, and obtain bonus information from carefully reconstructed clinical images. Using anaglyphs or cross/uncross-fusion of paired images, striking depth perception can be readily obtained without the need for expensive equipment. This conventional technique, when applied to high-resolution volume-rendered images, may help in obtaining appropriate diagnostics, choosing optimal therapeutics, securing procedural success, and preventing complications. Furthermore, it can be used for anatomical education. In this review, we demonstrate multiple stereoscopic images reconstructed from cardiac computed tomographic datasets and discuss their clinical and educational implications.
侵入性心血管诊断和治疗的创新，不仅限于经导管方法，还涉及手术方法，其基于对三维活体心脏解剖结构的精确理解。21世纪三维心血管成像技术的快速发展，通过对活体心脏临床解剖结构的围手术期评估，支持了此类创新。然而，即使重建了高分辨率的容积再现图像，当在二维显示器上显示和共享时，它们也无法提供适当的深度感知，而二维显示器在临床环境中被广泛使用。目前，从临床数据集中重建的图像可以可视化心血管解剖结构的精细细节。因此，现在是心脏病专家和心脏外科医生重新审视经典技术——立体视觉，并从精心重建的临床图像中获取额外信息的最佳时机。使用互补色立体图像或配对图像的交叉/非交叉融合，无需昂贵设备即可轻松获得显著的深度感知。这种传统技术应用于高分辨率容积再现图像时，可能有助于获得适当的诊断、选择最佳治疗方法、确保手术成功并预防并发症。此外，它还可用于解剖学教育。在本综述中，我们展示了从心脏计算机断层扫描数据集中重建的多个立体图像，并讨论了它们的临床和教育意义。
