OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, Lille, France.
J Food Biochem. 2022 Jul;46(7):e14152. doi: 10.1111/jfbc.14152. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
The santol tree (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) is largely distributed in Southeast Asia. It produces useful timber and edible fruits, consumed fresh, and transformed. It has a wide range of traditional medicinal uses for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and digestive troubles. Numerous bioactive natural products have been isolated from the roots, leaves, stems, and fruits of S. koetjape, including flavonoids, limonoids, and terpenoids. The seeds are considered toxic and contain insecticidal limonoids. The present review provides a survey of the natural products isolated from different parts of the plant and discusses their pharmacological properties. Information on S. koetjape was collected through databases and analyzed, leading to the identification of about 30 natural products of interest. Bioactive compounds include limonoids, such as sandoripins A-B, sanjecumins A-B, and sandrapins A-E, and flavonoids with antioxidant, antibacterial, and insecticidal properties such as sandoricin and sandoripin derivatives. The santol plant contains various anti-inflammatory triterpenes, such as sentulic acid and koetjapic acid (KA). KA is the main product found in santol and a few other plants. This tetracyclic triterpenoid is endowed with anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, with marked antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects. Its potential molecular targets are discussed, notably the kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and other proteins (cyclooxygenase 2, DNA polymerase-β). The water-soluble derivative potassium koetjapate (KK) affords an orally bioavailable derivative, with superior antiangiogenic properties compared to KA. The health benefits associated with the consumption of santol fruits shall be further considered, and the design of hemi-synthetic analogs of KA encouraged. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The fruits of the santol tree are largely consumed in Asia and different parts of the plant (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) are used in traditional medicine. Diverse bioactive terpenoids have been isolated from the plant. Their pharmacological properties are reviewed here, with a focus on the triterpene koetjapic acid which displays marked anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Several other bioactive natural products, including limonoids and flavonoids, are evoked as well, to shed light on the many active compounds found in the fruits and the whole plant. For a healthy life, the use of the plant in phytomedicine and the consumption of the santol fruit should be encouraged.
三叶苦（Sandoricum koetjape Merr.）广泛分布于东南亚。它产生有用的木材和可食用的果实，可新鲜食用或加工食用。它具有广泛的传统药用用途，可用于治疗炎症性疾病和消化问题。从三叶苦的根、叶、茎和果实中分离出了许多具有生物活性的天然产物，包括类黄酮、柠檬苦素和萜类化合物。种子被认为是有毒的，含有杀虫柠檬苦素。本综述提供了对不同植物部位分离出的天然产物的调查，并讨论了它们的药理学特性。通过数据库收集了三叶苦的信息并进行了分析，确定了约 30 种具有重要意义的天然产物。生物活性化合物包括柠檬苦素，如桑德罗平 A-B、桑杰库明 A-B 和桑德平 A-E，以及具有抗氧化、抗菌和杀虫特性的类黄酮，如桑德里辛和桑德罗平衍生物。三叶苦植物含有各种抗炎三萜，如 sentulic 酸和 koetjapic 酸（KA）。KA 是在三叶苦和其他几种植物中发现的主要产物。这种四环三萜具有抗炎和抗癌特性，具有显著的抗转移和抗血管生成作用。讨论了其潜在的分子靶点，特别是哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）和其他蛋白质（环氧化酶 2、DNA 聚合酶-β）。水溶性衍生物钾 koetjapate（KK）提供了一种可口服生物利用的衍生物，与 KA 相比，具有更好的抗血管生成特性。应进一步考虑食用三叶苦果实带来的健康益处，并鼓励设计 KA 的半合成类似物。实际应用：亚洲地区大量食用三叶苦的果实，该植物的不同部位（三叶苦 Merr.）被用于传统医学。从植物中分离出多种生物活性萜类化合物。本文综述了它们的药理学特性，重点介绍了三萜 koetjapic 酸，它具有显著的抗炎和抗癌特性。还提到了其他几种生物活性天然产物，包括柠檬苦素和类黄酮，以阐明在果实和整株植物中发现的许多活性化合物。为了健康的生活，应鼓励在植物药中使用该植物，并食用三叶苦果实。
