State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jul 17;25(14):7818. doi: 10.3390/ijms25147818.
Plants of the Meliaceae family have long attracted researchers' interest due to their various insecticidal activities, with triterpenes being the main active ingredients. In this paper, we discuss triterpenoids with insecticidal activity from insecticidal plant species of genera (, , , , , , , , , , , , , , and ) in the family Meliaceae. Among these genera, deserves further research, with twelve species possessing insecticidal activity. The insecticidal molecules included ring-seco limonoids (comprising ring A-seco group chemical, ring B-seco group chemical, ring D-seco group chemicals, rings A,B-seco group chemicals, rings B,D-seco group chemicals, and rings A,B,D-seco group chemical), ring-intact limonoids (comprising cedrelone-class chemicals, trichilin-class chemicals, havanensin-class chemicals, azadirone-class chemicals, vilasinin-class chemical, and other chemical), 2,30-linkage chemicals (comprising mexicanolide-class chemicals and phragmalin-class chemicals), 1,n-linkage-group chemicals, onoceranoid-type triterpenoids, apotirucallane-type terpenoids, kokosanolide-type tetranortriterpenoids, and cycloartane triterpene. In particular, molecules showed antifeedant activity, molecules exhibited poisonous effects, and molecules possessed growth regulatory activity. Particularly, khayasin, beddomei lactone, 3β,24,25-trihydroxycycloartane, humilinolides A-E and methyl-2-hydroxy-3β-isobutyroxy-1-oxomeliac-8(30)-enate showed excellent insecticidal activities, which were comparable to that of azadirachtin and thus deserved more attention. Moreover, it was noteworthy that various chemicals (such as 12α-diacetoxywalsuranolide, 11β,12α-diacetoxycedrelone, 1α,7α,12α-triacetoxy-4α-carbomethoxy-11β-hydroxy-14β,15β-epoxyhavanensin, and 11-epi-21-hydroxytoonacilide, etc.) from showed excellent insecticidal activity. Specially, the insecticidal activity of khayasin from against the coconut leaf beetle were similar to that of rotenone. Therefore, it was a promising candidate insecticide for the control of the coconut leaf beetle.
桃金娘科植物因其具有多种杀虫活性而长期以来一直吸引着研究人员的兴趣，三萜类化合物是主要的活性成分。本文讨论了桃金娘科杀虫植物种属（、、、、、、、、、、、、、和）中具有杀虫活性的三萜类化合物。在这些属中，值得进一步研究，有 12 种具有杀虫活性。杀虫分子包括环裂位柠檬苦素（包括环 A-裂位化学物质、环 B-裂位化学物质、环 D-裂位化学物质、环 A、B-裂位化学物质、环 B、D-裂位化学物质和环 A、B、D-裂位化学物质）、环完整的柠檬苦素（包括 Cedrelone 类化学物质、 Trichilin 类化学物质、Havanensin 类化学物质、 Azadirone 类化学物质、Vilasinin 类化学物质和其他化学物质）、2,30-键化学物质（包括 Mexicanolide 类化学物质和 Phragmalin 类化学物质）、1,n-键化学物质、Onoceranoid 型三萜类化合物、Apotirucallane 型三萜类化合物、Kokosanolide 型四环三萜类化合物和环阿屯烷三萜类化合物。特别是，一些分子具有拒食活性，一些分子具有毒性作用，一些分子具有生长调节活性。特别是，khayasin、beddomei 内酯、3β,24,25-三羟基环阿屯烷、humilinolides A-E 和甲基-2-羟基-3β-异丁酰氧基-1-氧代梅利亚-8(30)-烯酸酯表现出优异的杀虫活性，与印苦素相当，因此值得更多关注。此外，值得注意的是，来自不同属的各种化学物质（如 12α-二乙酰氧基 walsuranolide、11β,12α-二乙酰氧基 cedrelone、1α,7α,12α-三乙酰氧基-4α-甲氧基-11β-羟基-14β,15β-环氧 havangenin 和 11-epi-21-羟基 toonacilide 等）表现出优异的杀虫活性。特别是来自的 khayasin 对椰子叶甲的杀虫活性与鱼藤酮相似。因此，它是一种很有前途的控制椰子叶甲的候选杀虫剂。
