实验室规模城市污水系统中全氟烷基酸（PFAAs）的形成与归宿
Formation and fate of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in a laboratory-scale urban wastewater system.
作者信息
Li Yijing, Bräunig Jennifer, Thai Phong K, Rebosura Mario, Mueller Jochen F, Yuan Zhiguo
机构信息
Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
出版信息
Water Res. 2022 Jun 1;216:118295. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118295. Epub 2022 Mar 13.
The fate and formation of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) have been investigated during wastewater treatment processes but studies for the entire urban wastewater system comprising the sewage transport and wastewater and sludge treatment processes are scarce. This work performs an integrated assessment of the formation and fate of PFAAs in the urban wastewater system together with their behavior in separate components of the system. To achieve this, PFAAs were monitored over five weeks in a laboratory-scale urban wastewater system comprising sewer reactors, a wastewater treatment reactor, and an anaerobic sludge digester. The system was fed with real domestic wastewater. The total mass of 11 PFAAs flowing out of the laboratory wastewater system significantly (p < 0.05) increased by 112 ± 14 (mean ± standard error)% compared to that entering the system. Formation of PFAAs was observed in all three biological processes of the system. In anaerobic sewer process, perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exhibited significant formation (p < 0.05) with the mass flow increased by 79 ± 24%, 109 ± 31%, and 57 ± 17%, respectively. During the wastewater treatment process, perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA) demonstrated significant increase (p < 0.05) in their mass flows by 176 ± 56%, 92 ± 21%, and 516 ± 184%, respectively. In contrast, only PFHxA was found to significantly (p < 0.05) increase by 130 ± 40% during anaerobic digestion process. The total mass of 11 PFAAs discharged through the effluent (201 ± 24 ng day) was 5 times higher than that through the digested sludge (29 ± 6 ng day).
在废水处理过程中，全氟烷基酸（PFAA）的归宿和形成已得到研究，但针对包括污水输送以及废水和污泥处理过程在内的整个城市废水系统的研究却很匮乏。本研究对城市废水系统中PFAA的形成和归宿及其在系统各独立组成部分中的行为进行了综合评估。为此，在一个实验室规模的城市废水系统中，对PFAA进行了为期五周的监测，该系统包括下水道反应器、废水处理反应器和厌氧污泥消化器。系统采用实际生活污水作为进水。与进入系统的质量相比，流出实验室废水系统的11种PFAA的总质量显著增加（p < 0.05），增幅为112 ± 14（平均值 ± 标准误差）%。在系统的所有三个生物过程中均观察到了PFAA的形成。在厌氧下水道过程中，全氟戊酸（PFPeA）、全氟庚酸（PFHpA）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）呈现出显著的生成（p < 0.05），质量流量分别增加了79 ± 24%、109 ± 31%和57 ± 17%。在废水处理过程中，全氟己酸（PFHxA）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟十二烷酸（PFDoDA）的质量流量显著增加（p < 0.05），分别增加了176 ± 56%、92 ± 21%和516 ± 184%。相比之下，在厌氧消化过程中，仅发现PFHxA显著增加（p < 0.05），增幅为130 ± 40%。通过出水排放的11种PFAA的总质量（201 ± 24 ng/天）是通过消化污泥排放的总质量（29 ± 6 ng/天）的5倍。
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