Rahne Torsten, Plontke Stefan K, Wagner Luise
Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals- Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Halle (Saale), Germany.
Laryngorhinootologie. 2022 Apr;101(4):335-362. doi: 10.1055/a-1673-2986. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
Diagnostics of hearing loss comprises subjective and objective methods and is successfully applied since many decades. This article introduces into the methods of impedance audiometry, otoacoustic emissions, auditory evoked potentials and electrically evoked potentials and describes the respective methodologies. Using an exemplary case, in this article we guide through all stages of objective audiological diagnostics and introduce the scientific and technical background, the application and evaluation of the findings of the objective test procedures. An application pathway for objective audiometric diagnostic tools is also described, including newborn hearing screening, differential diagnostics of hearing loss, auditory neuropathy, sudden sensorineural hearing loss, vestibular schwannoma and pediatrics patients. Finally, the application to patients with active middle-ear implants and cochlear implants is described.
听力损失的诊断包括主观和客观方法，并且已经成功应用了数十年。本文介绍了阻抗测听法、耳声发射、听觉诱发电位和电诱发电位的方法，并描述了各自的方法学。本文通过一个示例案例，指导读者了解客观听力学诊断的各个阶段，并介绍客观测试程序的科学技术背景、应用和结果评估。还描述了客观听力测试诊断工具的应用途径，包括新生儿听力筛查、听力损失的鉴别诊断、听神经病、突发性感音神经性听力损失、前庭神经鞘瘤和儿科患者。最后，描述了这些方法在有源中耳植入物和人工耳蜗植入患者中的应用。
