Lee Jae-Woo, Yang Woojung, Kim Ye-Seul, Kim Yonghwan, Yoo Hyo-Sun, Kang Hee-Taik
Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.
Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea.
Korean J Fam Med. 2022 Mar;43(2):117-124. doi: 10.4082/kjfm.21.0073. Epub 2022 Mar 17.
The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) as a known carcinogen. This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and NNAL concentrations in non-smokers.
This was a cross-sectional study based on data from the 2016 to 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Urine NNAL concentrations were categorized into tertiles of 3,615 study participants who were non-smokers. All sampling and weight variables were stratified, and analyses to account for the complex sampling design were conducted.
The overall, male, and female percentages of SHS exposure among non-smokers were 22.4%, 29.2%, and 20.4%, respectively. The geometric means of urine NNAL concentrations were 1.896±0.098 pg/mL and 1.094±0.028 pg/mL in the SHS exposure and non-exposure groups, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, in the total group, the geometric mean of urine NNAL concentrations was significantly higher in the SHS exposure group than in the SHS non-exposure group (adjusted P-value <0.001). Compared with the non-exposure group, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest NNAL tertile group of overall SHS exposure in the total, men, and women groups were 2.44 (1.95-3.05), 1.65 (1.08-2.53), and 2.73 (2.11-3.52), respectively, after full adjustment.
The urine NNAL concentration in the SHS exposure group was significantly higher than that in the non-exposure group. Exposure to SHS was associated with a higher risk of elevated urine NNAL concentrations in non-smokers.
国际癌症研究机构将4-（甲基亚硝胺基）-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁醇（NNAL）归类为已知致癌物。本研究旨在调查非吸烟者二手烟暴露与NNAL浓度之间的关联。
这是一项基于2016年至2018年韩国国民健康与营养检查调查数据的横断面研究。将3615名非吸烟研究参与者的尿NNAL浓度分为三分位数。对所有抽样和权重变量进行分层，并进行分析以考虑复杂的抽样设计。
非吸烟者中二手烟暴露的总体、男性和女性百分比分别为22.4%、29.2%和20.4%。二手烟暴露组和非暴露组尿NNAL浓度的几何平均值分别为1.896±0.098 pg/mL和1.094±0.028 pg/mL。在调整混杂变量后，在总人群中，二手烟暴露组尿NNAL浓度的几何平均值显著高于非暴露组（调整后P值<0.001）。与非暴露组相比，在总人群、男性和女性组中，二手烟总体暴露最高NNAL三分位数组的调整后比值比（95%置信区间）在完全调整后分别为2.44（1.95-3.05）、1.65（1.08-2.53）和2.73（2.11-3.52）。
二手烟暴露组的尿NNAL浓度显著高于非暴露组。二手烟暴露与非吸烟者尿NNAL浓度升高的较高风险相关。
