Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Human Anatomy, Clinical and Forensic, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, P. le Lucio Severi 1 Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Aug 19;19(16):10317. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191610317.
Environmental tobacco smoke remains a major risk factor, for both smokers and non-smokers, able to trigger the initiation and/or the progression of several human diseases. Although in recent times governments have acted with the aim of banning or strongly reducing its impact within public places and common spaces, environmental tobacco smoke remains a major pollutant in private places, such as the home environment or cars. Several inflammatory and long-term biomarkers have been analysed and well-described, but the list of mediators modulated during the early phases of inhalation of environmental tobacco smoke needs to be expanded. The aim of this study was to measure the short-term effects after exposure to side-stream smoke on Nerve Growth Factor and its receptors Tropomyosin-related kinase A and neurotrophin p75, molecules already described in health conditions and respiratory diseases. Twenty-one non-smokers were exposed to a home-standardized level of SS as well as to control smoke-free air. Nerve Growth Factor and inflammatory cytokines levels, as well the expression of Tropomyosin-related kinase A and neurotrophin receptor p75, were analysed in white blood cells. The present study demonstrates that during early phases, side-stream smoke exposure induced increases in the percentage of neurotrophin receptor p75-positive white blood cells, in their mean fluorescent intensity, and in gene expression. In addition, we found a positive correlation between the urine cotinine level and the percentage of neurotrophin receptor-positive white blood cells. For the first time, the evidence that short-term exposure to side-stream smoke is able to increase neurotrophin receptor p75 expression confirms the very early involvement of this receptor, not only among active smokers but also among non-smokers exposed to SS. Furthermore, the correlation between cotinine levels in urine and the increase in neurotrophin receptor p75-positive white blood cells could represent a potential novel molecule to be investigated for the detection of SS exposure at early time points.
环境烟草烟雾仍然是一个主要的风险因素，无论是吸烟者还是非吸烟者，都能引发和/或促进多种人类疾病的发生和发展。尽管近年来各国政府采取了行动，旨在禁止或大力减少其在公共场所和公共空间的影响，但环境烟草烟雾仍然是家庭环境或汽车等私人场所的主要污染物。已经分析并详细描述了几种炎症和长期生物标志物，但需要扩大在吸入环境烟草烟雾的早期阶段调节的介质列表。本研究的目的是测量暴露于侧流烟雾后对神经生长因子及其受体原肌球蛋白相关激酶 A 和神经营养因子 p75 的短期影响，这些分子在健康状况和呼吸道疾病中已有描述。21 名不吸烟者暴露于家庭标准化的 SS 水平以及对照的无烟空气。分析了白细胞中的神经生长因子和炎症细胞因子水平以及原肌球蛋白相关激酶 A 和神经营养因子受体 p75 的表达。本研究表明，在早期阶段，侧流烟雾暴露会导致神经营养因子受体 p75 阳性白细胞的百分比、平均荧光强度和基因表达增加。此外，我们发现尿可替宁水平与神经营养因子受体阳性白细胞的百分比之间存在正相关。这是首次证明短期暴露于侧流烟雾能够增加神经营养因子受体 p75 的表达，证实了该受体的早期参与，不仅在主动吸烟者中，而且在暴露于 SS 的非吸烟者中也是如此。此外，尿液中可替宁水平与神经营养因子受体 p75 阳性白细胞增加之间的相关性可能代表一种潜在的新型分子，可用于在早期阶段检测 SS 暴露。
