Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
J Nutr Sci. 2022 Mar 7;11:e16. doi: 10.1017/jns.2022.14. eCollection 2022.
Substantial evidence suggests that regular tree nut consumption does not lead to changes in body weight (BW). However, these studies used a variety of dietary substitution instructions which may confound the interpretation of prior BW outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of daily pecan consumption, with or without isocaloric substitution instructions, on BW and composition. This was an 8-week randomised, controlled trial with three treatments: a nut-free control group ( 32) and two pecan groups. ADD ( 30) consumed pecans (68 g/d) as part of a free-living diet, and SUB ( 31) substituted the pecans (68 g/d) for isocaloric foods from their habitual diet. BW and total body fat percentage (BF) were measured, and theoretical changes in these outcomes if pecans were consumed without compensation were determined. BW increased in all groups across the intervention, and there was a trend ( = 0⋅09) for an increase in ADD (1⋅1 ± 0⋅2 kg) and SUB (0⋅9 ± 0⋅3 kg) compared to control (0⋅3 ± 0⋅2 kg). In addition, there was increased BF in SUB (1⋅0 ± 0⋅3 %; = 0⋅005) but not ADD (0⋅1 ± 0⋅2 %) or control (-0⋅2 ± 0⋅3 %) There was a large difference in the actual theoretical change in BW regardless of pecan treatment (actual: 1⋅1 ± 0⋅2 and 0⋅9 ± 0⋅3 theoretical: 3⋅3 ± 0⋅0 and 3⋅2 ± 0⋅0 kg in ADD and SUB, respectively; < 0⋅001). Furthermore, there was a difference in actual theoretical change in BF in ADD (0⋅1 ± 0⋅2 1⋅2 ± 0⋅1 %; = 0⋅002) but not SUB or control. In conclusion, daily pecan consumption for 8 weeks did not result in significant weight gain, regardless of dietary substitution instructions.
大量证据表明，经常食用坚果不会导致体重（BW）变化。然而，这些研究使用了各种饮食替代说明，这可能会混淆对先前 BW 结果的解释。本研究的目的是检查每日山核桃食用，无论是否有等热量替代说明，对 BW 和成分的影响。这是一项为期 8 周的随机对照试验，有三种处理方法：无坚果对照组（32 人）和两个山核桃组。ADD（30 人）将山核桃（68 克/天）作为自由生活饮食的一部分，SUB（31 人）用习惯饮食中的等热量食物替代山核桃（68 克/天）。测量 BW 和全身脂肪百分比（BF），并确定如果不补偿就食用山核桃对这些结果的理论变化。在整个干预过程中，所有组的 BW 都增加了，ADD（1.1±0.2 公斤）和 SUB（0.9±0.3 公斤）与对照组（0.3±0.2 公斤）相比，有增加的趋势（=0.09）。此外，SUB 组的 BF 增加（1.0±0.3%；=0.005），而 ADD（0.1±0.2%）或对照组（-0.2±0.3%）则没有增加。无论山核桃处理如何，BW 的实际理论变化差异很大（实际：1.1±0.2 和 0.9±0.3，理论：3.3±0.0 和 3.2±0.0 公斤，在 ADD 和 SUB 中，分别；<0.001）。此外，ADD 中实际理论 BF 变化存在差异（0.1±0.2 1.2±0.1%；=0.002），但 SUB 或对照组则没有。总之，8 周内每天食用山核桃并不会导致明显的体重增加，无论是否有饮食替代说明。
