Krauß Dana, Fari Ourania, Sibilia Maria
Center for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Metabolites. 2022 Feb 26;12(3):213. doi: 10.3390/metabo12030213.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) to date still ranks as one of the deadliest cancer entities globally, and despite recent advances, the incidence in young adolescents is dramatically increasing. Lipid metabolism has recently received increased attention as a crucial element for multiple aspects of carcinogenesis and our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms is steadily growing. However, the mechanism how fatty acid metabolism contributes to CRC is still not understood in detail. In this review, we aim to summarize our vastly growing comprehension and the accompanied complexity of cellular fatty acid metabolism in CRC by describing inputs and outputs of intracellular free fatty acid pools and how these contribute to cancer initiation, disease progression and metastasis. We highlight how different lipid pathways can contribute to the aggressiveness of tumors and affect the prognosis of patients. Furthermore, we focus on the role of lipid metabolism in cell communication and interplay within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and beyond. Understanding these interactions in depth might lead to the discovery of novel markers and new therapeutic interventions for CRC. Finally, we discuss the crucial role of fatty acid metabolism as new targetable gatekeeper in colorectal cancer.
迄今为止，结直肠癌（CRC）仍是全球最致命的癌症类型之一，尽管近年来取得了进展，但青少年中的发病率仍在急剧上升。脂质代谢最近作为致癌作用多个方面的关键因素受到了越来越多的关注，我们对其潜在机制的认识也在不断加深。然而，脂肪酸代谢如何促进结直肠癌的发生，目前仍未完全明确。在这篇综述中，我们旨在通过描述细胞内游离脂肪酸池的输入和输出，以及它们如何促进癌症的发生、疾病进展和转移，来总结我们对结直肠癌中细胞脂肪酸代谢的广泛认识以及随之而来的复杂性。我们强调了不同的脂质途径如何导致肿瘤的侵袭性并影响患者的预后。此外，我们关注脂质代谢在肿瘤微环境（TME）及其他环境中的细胞通讯和相互作用中的作用。深入了解这些相互作用可能会发现结直肠癌的新标志物和新的治疗干预措施。最后，我们讨论了脂肪酸代谢作为结直肠癌新的可靶向守门人的关键作用。
