Kyte Karoline Holsen, Stensrud Trine, Berg Tore Julsrud, Seljeflot Ingebjørg, Hisdal Jonny
Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
Department of Vascular Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, 0586 Oslo, Norway.
Sports (Basel). 2022 Mar 2;10(3):37. doi: 10.3390/sports10030037.
In general, aerobic exercise has a positive impact on the vascular system, but the syndrome of relative energy-deficiency in sports (RED-S) makes this impact less clear for the athlete. The present cross-sectional controlled study aimed to investigate the vascular function in female elite long-distance runners, compared to inactive women. Sixteen female elite long-distance runners and seventeen healthy controls were recruited. Assessments of vascular function and morphology included endothelial function, evaluated by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), vascular stiffness, evaluated with pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid artery reactivity (CAR %), and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Blood samples included hormone analyses, metabolic parameters, lipids, and biomarkers reflecting endothelial activation. RED-S risk was assessed through the low energy availability in female questionnaire (LEAF-Q), and body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We found no significant differences in brachial FMD, PWV, CAR %, cIMT, or biomarkers reflecting endothelial activation between the two groups. Forty-four percent of the runners had a LEAF-Q score consistent with being at risk of RED-S. Runners showed significantly higher HDL-cholesterol and insulin sensitivity compared to controls. In conclusion, Norwegian female elite runners had an as good vascular function and morphology as inactive women of the same age.
一般来说，有氧运动对血管系统有积极影响，但运动性相对能量缺乏综合征（RED-S）使这种影响在运动员身上不那么明显。本横断面对照研究旨在调查与不运动女性相比，精英女性长跑运动员的血管功能。招募了16名精英女性长跑运动员和17名健康对照者。血管功能和形态学评估包括通过血流介导的血管舒张（FMD）评估内皮功能、用脉搏波速度（PWV）评估血管僵硬度、颈动脉反应性（CAR%）和颈动脉内膜中层厚度（cIMT）。血样检测包括激素分析、代谢参数、血脂以及反映内皮激活的生物标志物。通过女性低能量可利用性问卷（LEAF-Q）评估RED-S风险，并用双能X线吸收法（DXA）测量身体成分。我们发现两组之间肱动脉FMD、PWV、CAR%、cIMT或反映内皮激活的生物标志物没有显著差异。44%的跑步者LEAF-Q评分显示有RED-S风险。与对照组相比，跑步者的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和胰岛素敏感性显著更高。总之，挪威精英女性跑步者的血管功能和形态与同龄不运动女性一样好。
