LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bromatologia e Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra, Polo III, Azinhaga de Sta Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
Centro de Investigação Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Campus Universitário, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Mar 10;14(3):204. doi: 10.3390/toxins14030204.
Breast milk is considered the ideal form of nutrition for newborns and infants. However, it can carry over contaminants, namely mycotoxins, with biological effects to which this population is particularly vulnerable. Human biomonitoring and surveillance programs are particularly scarce in low-income countries, where food security is a more urgent priority in comparison with food safety. This pilot survey aims to assess exposure of breastfed infants to aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), zearalenone (ZEN), and ochratoxin A (OTA) in Angola, and to evaluate the main socio-demographical and food consumption determinants of lactating mothers. All 37 breast milk samples analyzed are found to be contaminated with ZEN and OTA, although none are found contaminated with AFM1. Contamination levels are lower than previously reported for ZEN but higher in the case of OTA. A significant association between ZEN levels in breast milk and the consumption of cookies by the lactating mothers is found. As for OTA, higher levels are observed in the milk from mothers with younger infants, for which high estimated daily intake (EDI) is determined. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first survey of the occurrence of mycotoxins in breast milk in Angola, so further human biomonitoring works should follow, given that mycotoxins are a global health issue that directly impact the health of populations.
母乳被认为是新生儿和婴儿的理想营养来源。然而，它可能携带污染物，即霉菌毒素，而这一人群对其具有特别易感性。与食品安全相比，在食物保障是更紧迫的优先事项的低收入国家，人体生物监测和监测计划特别稀缺。本试点调查旨在评估安哥拉母乳喂养婴儿对黄曲霉毒素 M1（AFM1）、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）和赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）的暴露情况，并评估哺乳期母亲的主要社会人口和食物消费决定因素。分析的所有 37 个母乳样本均被发现受到 ZEN 和 OTA 的污染，尽管没有发现 AFM1 污染。污染水平低于之前报告的 ZEN，但 OTA 的污染水平更高。发现母乳中 ZEN 水平与哺乳期母亲食用饼干之间存在显著关联。对于 OTA，从婴儿年龄较小的母亲的牛奶中观察到更高的水平，为此确定了高估计每日摄入量（EDI）。据作者所知，这是安哥拉首次对母乳中霉菌毒素发生情况进行的调查，因此应开展进一步的人体生物监测工作，因为霉菌毒素是一个全球性的健康问题，直接影响到人群的健康。
