Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, Sport City Street, Doha, Qatar.
Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, Sport City Street, Doha, Qatar.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 Jul;129:211-228. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.047. Epub 2019 Apr 26.
Human exposure to mycotoxins occurs mostly through dietary intake, although exposure through dermal and inhalation routes has also been shown. Depending on the type of mycotoxins, the applied dose and duration of exposure, a particular toxin can cause either chronic or acute illnesses such as kidney failure and cancer. Thus, understanding the biotransformation of mycotoxins and identification of reliable biomarkers in the human body is important for accurate risk assessment of mycotoxin exposure. This review provides a comprehensive overview of worldwide aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxin, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol mycotoxin biomonitoring studies reported in the last 18 years. The studies performed in Africa, Europe, Asia and America are based on the measurement of a limited number of mycotoxin biomarkers and do not provide a comprehensive risk assessment of the mycotoxin exposure. Although the findings represent a small segment of a much larger health risk of mycotoxins exposure, it is acknowledged that a multianalyte approach covering bioconjugated and other metabolites of most often occurring mycotoxins would better reflect the extent of the global exposure problems with these highly toxic compounds.
人类主要通过饮食摄入接触到霉菌毒素，尽管通过皮肤和吸入途径也会接触到。根据霉菌毒素的类型、应用剂量和暴露时间的不同，特定的毒素可能会导致慢性或急性疾病，如肾衰竭和癌症。因此，了解霉菌毒素的生物转化和鉴定人体中可靠的生物标志物对于准确评估霉菌毒素暴露的风险非常重要。本综述全面概述了过去 18 年来全球范围内报道的黄曲霉毒素、伏马菌素、赭曲霉毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇霉菌毒素生物监测研究。在非洲、欧洲、亚洲和美洲进行的研究基于对有限数量的霉菌毒素生物标志物的测量，并未对霉菌毒素暴露进行全面的风险评估。尽管这些发现仅代表霉菌毒素暴露的更大健康风险的一小部分，但人们认识到，采用多分析物方法涵盖大多数常见霉菌毒素的结合物和其他代谢物，将更好地反映这些剧毒化合物在全球暴露问题的程度。
