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结核病-美国,2021 年。

Tuberculosis - United States, 2021.

出版信息

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Mar 25;71(12):441-446. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7112a1.


DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm7112a1
PMID:35324877
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8956339/
Abstract

During 1993-2019, the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the United States decreased steadily; however, during the later years of that period the annual rate of decline slowed (1) until 2020 when a substantial decline (19.9%) was observed. This sharp decrease in TB incidence might have been related to multiple factors coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, including delayed or missed TB diagnoses or a true reduction in TB incidence related to pandemic mitigation efforts and changes in immigration and travel (2). During 2021, a total of 7,860 TB cases were provisionally reported to CDC's National Tuberculosis Surveillance System (NTSS) by the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC). National incidence of reported TB (cases per 100,000 persons) rose 9.4% during 2021 (2.37) compared with that in 2020 (2.16) but remained 12.6% lower than the rate during 2019 (2.71).* During 2021, TB incidence increased among both U.S.-born and non-U.S.-born persons. The increased TB incidence observed during 2021 compared with 2020 might be partially explained by delayed diagnosis of cases in persons with symptom onset during 2020; however, the continued, substantial reduction from prepandemic levels raises concern for ongoing underdiagnosis. TB control and prevention services, including early diagnosis and complete treatment of TB and latent TB infection, should be maintained and TB awareness promoted to achieve elimination in the United States.

摘要

1993 年至 2019 年期间,美国的结核病(TB)发病率稳步下降;然而,在该时期的后期,年下降率放缓(1),直到 2020 年观察到大幅下降(19.9%)。TB 发病率的这种急剧下降可能与多种因素有关,这些因素与 COVID-19 大流行同时发生,包括 TB 的延迟或漏诊,或与大流行缓解努力和移民及旅行变化相关的 TB 发病率的真正下降(2)。2021 年,美国 50 个州和哥伦比亚特区(DC)通过疾病预防控制中心国家结核病监测系统(NTSS)向 CDC 临时报告了总共 7860 例 TB 病例。2021 年报告的 TB 发病率(每 10 万人的病例数)比 2020 年上升 9.4%(2.37),但仍比 2019 年下降 12.6%(2.71)*。2021 年,美国出生和非美国出生的人群中,TB 发病率均有所上升。与 2020 年相比,2021 年观察到的 TB 发病率上升可能部分归因于 2020 年发病的病例延迟诊断;然而,与大流行前水平相比,发病率持续大幅下降令人担忧,存在持续漏诊的情况。TB 控制和预防服务,包括早期诊断和彻底治疗 TB 和潜伏性 TB 感染,应予以维持,并促进 TB 意识,以实现美国的消除目标。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/50db/8956339/908e9cc7c21b/mm7112a1-F.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/50db/8956339/908e9cc7c21b/mm7112a1-F.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/50db/8956339/908e9cc7c21b/mm7112a1-F.jpg

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Characteristics of TB cases without documented sputum culture in the United States, 2011-2021.

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本文引用的文献

[1]
Covid-19's Devastating Effect on Tuberculosis Care - A Path to Recovery.

N Engl J Med. 2022-4-21

[2]
Tuberculosis-Associated Hospitalizations and Deaths after COVID-19 Shelter-In-Place, San Francisco, California, USA.

Emerg Infect Dis. 2021-8

[3]
Delayed Tuberculosis Diagnoses During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in 2020-King County, Washington.

Clin Infect Dis. 2021-7-15

[4]
Tuberculosis - United States, 2020.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021-3-26

[5]
Notes from the Field: Effects of the COVID-19 Response on Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Efforts - United States, March-April 2020.

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020-7-24

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