Huang X B, Guo Y C, Wu D W, Wei Y X
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China.
Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Mar 7;57(3):289-294. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210409-00190.
To assess the taste function of healthy Chinese adults with the reliable whole-mouth taste test, and to analyze the correlation of taste function with age and gender. The clinical data of 584 participants reporting the normal sense of smell and taste from March 2019 to January 2020 in the Physical Examination Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital were analyzed in the study, including 297 males and 287 females, aging (46.9±16.6) years. The subjects were divided into youth group (19-35 years old), middle aged group (36-50 years old), middle-elderly aged group (51-65 years old) and elderly group (66-80 years old). The taste test involved 5 tastants (sour, sweet, salty, umami and bitter) and 7 concentrations. The perception and recognition scores of five tastes were obtained through the whole-mouth taste test. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The intra-class correlation coefficients of the whole-mouth taste test were 0.751 to 0.828, which showed high test-retest reliability. The total score of perception and recognition of five tastes showed the significant negative correlation with age ( value was -0.49 and -0.44, respectively, both <0.001). Compared with the other two groups, taste function of middle-elderly aged and elderly group decreased significantly (all <0.001). There was no significant difference in total perception scores and total recognition scores between youth and middle aged group (all >0.05). The perception scores and recognition scores of sour, salty, umami, bitter and total scores in females were higher than those in males (all <0.05), but there was no significant difference in perception scores and recognition scores for sweet between them ( value was 0.584 and 0.223, respectively). The taste function is significantly negatively correlated with age. Except the sweet, females are more sensitive to the sour, salty, umami and bitter tastes than males.
采用可靠的全口味觉测试评估健康中国成年人的味觉功能，并分析味觉功能与年龄和性别的相关性。本研究分析了2019年3月至2020年1月在北京安贞医院体检中心报告嗅觉和味觉正常的584名参与者的临床资料，其中男性297名，女性287名，年龄（46.9±16.6）岁。受试者分为青年组（19 - 35岁）、中年组（36 - 50岁）、中老年组（51 - 65岁）和老年组（66 - 80岁）。味觉测试涉及5种味剂（酸、甜、咸、鲜味和苦味）和7种浓度。通过全口味觉测试获得五种味道的感知和识别分数。使用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计分析。全口味觉测试的组内相关系数为0.751至0.828，表明重测信度高。五种味道的感知和识别总分与年龄呈显著负相关（值分别为 - 0.49和 - 0.44，均<0.001）。与其他两组相比，中老年组和老年组的味觉功能显著下降（均<0.001）。青年组和中年组的总感知分数和总识别分数无显著差异（均>0.05）。女性的酸、咸、鲜、苦味觉感知分数和识别分数及总分均高于男性（均<0.05），但她们之间甜味的感知分数和识别分数无显著差异（值分别为0.584和0.223）。味觉功能与年龄显著负相关。除甜味外，女性对酸、咸、鲜、苦味的敏感度高于男性。
