Begum Naheeda, Hasanuzzaman Mirza, Li Yawei, Akhtar Kashif, Zhang Chunting, Zhao Tuanjie
National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Mar 3;11(3):498. doi: 10.3390/antiox11030498.
Drought and salinity stresses are persistent threat to field crops and are frequently mentioned as major constraints on worldwide agricultural productivity. Moreover, their severity and frequency are predicted to rise in the near future. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the mechanisms underlying plant responses to drought (5, 10 and 15% polyethylene glycol, PEG-6000), salinity (50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl), and their combination, particularly at the seed germination stage, in terms of photosynthesis and antioxidant activity, in four soybean cultivars, viz., PI408105A (PI5A), PI567731 (PI31), PI567690 (PI90), and PI416937 (PI37). Results showed that seed germination was enhanced by 10% PEG and decreased by 15% PEG treatments compared to the control, while seed germination was drastically decreased under all levels of NaCl treatment. Furthermore, combined drought and salinity treatment reduced plant height and root length, shoot and root total weights, and relative water content compared with that of control. However, the reductions were not similar among the varieties, and definite growth retardations were observed in cultivar PI5A under drought and in PI37 under salinity. In addition, all treatments resulted in substantially reduced contents of chlorophyll pigment, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll fluorescence; and increased lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and non-photochemical quenching in all varieties of soybean as compared to the control plants. However, proline, amino acids, sugars, and secondary metabolites were increased with the drought and salinity stresses alone. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species accumulation was accompanied by improved enzymatic antioxidant activity, such as that of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. However, the enhancement was most noticeable in PI31 and PI90 under both treatments. In conclusion, the cultivar PI31 has efficient drought and salinity stress tolerance mechanisms, as illustrated by its superior photosynthesis, osmolyte accumulation, antioxidative enzyme activity, and secondary metabolite regulation, compared to the other cultivars, when stressed.
干旱和盐胁迫是大田作物持续面临的威胁，常被提及是全球农业生产力的主要制约因素。此外，预计在不久的将来它们的严重程度和发生频率还会上升。因此，在本研究中，我们调查了四种大豆品种，即PI408105A（PI5A）、PI567731（PI31）、PI567690（PI90）和PI416937（PI37）在种子萌发阶段对干旱（5%、10%和15%聚乙二醇，PEG - 6000）、盐胁迫（50 mM、100 mM和150 mM NaCl）及其组合的响应机制，特别是在光合作用和抗氧化活性方面。结果表明，与对照相比，10% PEG处理促进了种子萌发，而15% PEG处理降低了种子萌发，而在所有NaCl处理水平下种子萌发均急剧下降。此外，与对照相比，干旱和盐胁迫联合处理降低了株高和根长、地上部和根部总重量以及相对含水量。然而，不同品种之间的降低程度并不相同，在干旱条件下PI5A品种以及盐胁迫下PI37品种出现了明显的生长迟缓。此外，与对照植株相比，所有处理均导致大豆各品种叶绿素色素、花青素含量和叶绿素荧光显著降低；脂质过氧化、电解质渗漏和非光化学猝灭增加。然而，单独的干旱和盐胁迫使脯氨酸（脯氨酸）、氨基酸、糖类和次生代谢产物增加。此外，活性氧的积累伴随着超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶等抗氧化酶活性的提高。然而，在两种处理下，PI31和PI90品种的这种增强最为明显。总之，与其他品种相比，PI31品种在受到胁迫时具有高效的干旱和盐胁迫耐受机制，这体现在其卓越的光合作用、渗透溶质积累、抗氧化酶活性和次生代谢产物调控方面。
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