Hassani Samaneh, Pakbin Babak, Brück Wolfram Manuel, Mahmoudi Razzagh, Mousavi Shaghayegh
Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34197-59811, Iran.
Institute for Life Technologies, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland Valais-Wallis, 1950 Sion, Switzerland.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2022 Mar 4;11(3):340. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11030340.
is one of the highest prevailing spore-forming foodborne pathogens, which is widely distributed and causes severe disease and outbreaks in humans and animals. Raw meat and poultry are the main vehicles of this pathogen. In this study, we investigated the prevalence, antibiotic resistance pattern, toxin-encoding genes and genetic diversity of isolates from raw whole and minced meat samples purchased from local markets in Qazvin city, Iran (the source of beef cattle production was also located in Qazvin city, Iran).
We used conventional culture-based and Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and conventional and arbitrary primer PCR methods.
A total of 18 strains were isolated from 133 raw meat samples (13.53%). Up to 44.4 and 55.5% of these isolates were detected in raw minced and whole meat samples, respectively. We found that 72.2, 66.6, 61.1, 37.8 and 33.3% of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol antibiotics, respectively. Multidrug resistance was found in 38% of the isolates. Among the four main toxin genes evaluated, the gene was detected in all isolates, and 61.1% of the isolates were mostly recognized as type A . High levels of genetic diversity were observed among the isolates, and they were classified into five distinct groups.
The isolates from whole meat samples were more resistant to antibiotics. However, toxin genes were more detected in the isolates from minced meat samples. Our findings suggest that contamination of raw meat products with multidrug resistant could be regarded as one of the concerning pathogens in these products. Comprehensive monitoring of isolates is strongly recommended.
是最常见的产芽孢食源性病原体之一，广泛分布，可导致人和动物的严重疾病及疫情爆发。生肉和禽肉是该病原体的主要传播媒介。在本研究中，我们调查了从伊朗加兹温市当地市场购买的生全肉和碎肉样品中分离出的菌株的流行情况、抗生素耐药模式、毒素编码基因和遗传多样性（肉牛生产来源也位于伊朗加兹温市）。
我们使用了基于传统培养的方法、Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法以及常规和随机引物PCR方法。
从133份生肉样品中总共分离出18株菌株（13.53%）。这些分离株分别在碎肉和全肉样品中检出率高达44.4%和55.5%。我们发现，分别有72.2%、66.6%、61.1%、37.8%和33.3%的分离株对氨苄青霉素、四环素、阿莫西林、环丙沙星和氯霉素抗生素耐药。38%的分离株发现有多重耐药性。在评估的四个主要毒素基因中，所有分离株均检测到该基因，61.1%的分离株大多被鉴定为A型。分离株之间观察到高度的遗传多样性，它们被分为五个不同的组。
全肉样品中的分离株对抗生素的耐药性更强。然而，碎肉样品中的分离株中毒素基因的检出率更高。我们的研究结果表明，耐多药菌株污染生肉产品可被视为这些产品中令人担忧的病原体之一。强烈建议对分离株进行全面监测。
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