Konstantonis Dimitrios, Nassika Maria, Athanasiou Maria, Vastardis Heleni
Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-115 27 Athens, Greece.
Athensbestsmiles, In Private Practice of Orthodontics, 49 Alopekis, GR-106 76 Athens, Greece.
Children (Basel). 2022 Mar 20;9(3):437. doi: 10.3390/children9030437.
Background: It was the aim of this study to investigate tooth agenesis patterns, which are expressed to different subphenotypes according to the TAC method in a spectrum of non-syndromic orofacial cleft patients. Methods: A total of 183 orofacial cleft patient records were assessed for tooth agenesis and TAC patterns. The association between TAC and sex, and cleft type was examined, and logistic regression models were additionally applied. Additionally, the distribution of missing teeth by cleft type and the tooth agenesis inter-quadrant association were examined. Results: The most frequent cleft type was CLPL (n = 72; 39.3%), while the maxillary left lateral incisor was the most frequently missing tooth that was strongly dependent on the cleft type (29.5%, p < 0.001). Of the 31 TAC patterns identified, four were the most prevalent and occurred in 80.8% of the sample, while 20 TAC patterns were unique. Cleft type contrary to sex (p = 0.405) was found to play a significant role in TAC distribution (p = 0.001). The logistic regression’s results suggested that overall, neither sex nor cleft type were associated with tooth agenesis. Prevalence of tooth agenesis in each quadrant clearly depended on cleft type; and there was a strong association found between tooth agenesis in different quadrants. Conclusions: Thirty-one different subphenotypes were identified in TAC patterns. The first four TAC patterns accounted for the 80.8% of the sample’s variability while twenty of the patterns were unique. A strong association was present between TAC pattern and cleft type. No association was found between the sex of the patient, tooth agenesis and TAC patterns. Tooth agenesis depended strongly on the cleft type, and the most frequently missing tooth was the maxillary left lateral incisor. The interquadrant association for tooth agenesis found suggests a genetic link in the etiology of clefts.
本研究旨在调查牙齿发育不全模式，根据TAC方法，这些模式在一系列非综合征性口腔颌面部裂隙患者中表现为不同的亚表型。方法：共评估了183例口腔颌面部裂隙患者的牙齿发育不全和TAC模式记录。检查了TAC与性别、裂隙类型之间的关联，并额外应用了逻辑回归模型。此外，还检查了按裂隙类型缺失牙齿的分布情况以及牙齿发育不全的象限间关联。结果：最常见的裂隙类型是CLPL（n = 72；39.3%），而上颌左侧侧切牙是最常缺失的牙齿，这与裂隙类型密切相关（29.5%，p < 0.001）。在确定的31种TAC模式中，有4种最为普遍，占样本的80.8%，而20种TAC模式是独特的。发现与性别相反，裂隙类型在TAC分布中起显著作用（p = 0.001），而性别对TAC分布无显著影响（p = 0.405）。逻辑回归结果表明，总体而言，性别和裂隙类型均与牙齿发育不全无关。每个象限中牙齿发育不全的患病率明显取决于裂隙类型；并且在不同象限的牙齿发育不全之间发现了强烈的关联。结论：在TAC模式中确定了31种不同的亚表型。前四种TAC模式占样本变异性的80.8%，而其中20种模式是独特的。TAC模式与裂隙类型之间存在强烈关联。未发现患者性别、牙齿发育不全与TAC模式之间存在关联。牙齿发育不全强烈依赖于裂隙类型，最常缺失的牙齿是上颌左侧侧切牙。发现的牙齿发育不全的象限间关联提示了腭裂病因中的遗传联系。
