Performance and Health Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of A Coruna, 15179 A Coruña, Spain.
Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of León, 24071 León, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 8;19(6):3165. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063165.
The present study aimed (1) to propose an approach of observational analysis of the preceding standing judo (tachi-waza (TW)) context to a groundwork (ne-waza (NW)) grappling score (NWGS), and (2) to analyze the outcomes of applying such a model in high-level judoists. We conducted an observational analysis of 176 NW scoring actions of 794 combats observed in Baku's World Judo Championships of 2018. Women scored more NWGS, performing more corporal controls but less segmental controls compared with the men. Moreover, NWGS were scored predominately during the second and third minutes of combat, independently of the sex or the weight category. Most NWGS occurred after an asymmetrical lateral structure, without showing associations with a particular type of NWGS. The movement structure of the attacking action during TW leading to an NWGS was predominantly techniques without turn, followed closely by techniques with turn, and barely performed after supine position techniques. Data showed that NWGS occurred more frequently after a failed TW attack (68.6%) than after a scored TW attack (31.4%). The TW attacker achieved NWGS with a higher frequency (62%) than the TW defender (38%), who mainly took advantage of a failed TW attack (98.5% vs. 1.5%, after failed vs. scored TW, respectively). The grip configurations most frequently employed during TW were dorsal-sleeve and flap-sleeve; overall, frontal grips were predominant over dorsal grips. However, no specific TW grip was related to success or grip progression before an NWGS. Our results will help judo coaches understand the influence of these factors on judo performance and optimize the planning and execution of technical-tactical content.
（1）提出一种观察性分析前置站立柔道技术（tachi-waza (TW)）与地面缠斗得分（ne-waza (NW)）的方法；（2）分析该模型在高水平柔道运动员中的应用效果。我们对 2018 年巴库世界柔道锦标赛中观察到的 794 场比赛中的 176 次 NW 得分动作进行了观察性分析。与男性相比，女性的 NWGS 得分更高，进行了更多的身体控制，但较少的分段控制。此外，NWGS 主要在比赛的第二和第三分钟得分，与性别或体重类别无关。大多数 NWGS 发生在非对称的横向结构之后，与特定类型的 NWGS 无关。导致 NWGS 的 TW 攻击动作的运动结构主要是无转身技术，紧随其后的是转身技术，几乎没有在仰卧位技术之后出现。数据显示，TW 攻击失败后发生 NWGS 的频率（68.6%）高于 TW 攻击成功后的频率（31.4%）。TW 攻击者比 TW 防守者（62%比 38%）更频繁地获得 NWGS，而 TW 防守者主要利用 TW 攻击失败（98.5%比 1.5%，分别在 TW 攻击失败和成功后）。TW 中最常使用的握把配置是背带袖和襟袖；总体而言，前握把比背握把更常见。然而，在 NWGS 之前，没有特定的 TW 握把与成功或握把进展有关。我们的研究结果将有助于柔道教练了解这些因素对柔道表现的影响，并优化技术战术内容的规划和执行。
