Soto Dany Alexis Sobarzo, Aedo-Muñoz Esteban, Brito Ciro José, Camey Suzi, Miarka Bianca
Escuela de Kinesiologia. Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile.
Biomechanics Laboratory. Chilean High Performance Center. Physical Activity, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory. Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
J Hum Kinet. 2020 Mar 31;72:241-252. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0110. eCollection 2020 Mar.
The aim of the study was to compare motor action variables of judo combat phases and technical biomechanical assessment of the seven weight categories. The sample was composed of 638 bouts (176 of extra lightweight <66 kg, 289 of half lightweight 66 > 73 kg, 180 of lightweight 73 > 81 kg, 244 of half middleweight 81 > 90 kg, 174 of middleweight 81 > 90 kg, 151 of half heavyweight 90 > 100 kg and 142 of heavyweight >100 kg) during motor actions of approach, gripping, attack, defense and groundwork combat phases, verifying the interactions between them by Markov chains and comparisons by Kruskall-Wallis and Dunn post hoc tests (p ≤ .05). The results demonstrated that lighter weight categories showed higher approach phases than the heavyweight category, and the lightweight group demonstrated higher defensive action frequencies than the half lightweight category and heavyweight athletes. Heavyweight and middleweight categories demonstrated higher groundwork combat frequencies than lighter weights, and the heavyweight category showed higher pause frequencies than the lightweight category. Regarding the decision-making model, the main transitions presented by the Markov chains showed higher prevalence of the following combinations: gripping occurring before the lever and length attacks, lever attack followed by the length attack, and length attack occurring earlier than the groundwork phase.
本研究的目的是比较柔道格斗各阶段的动作变量以及七个体重级别的技术生物力学评估。样本由638场比赛组成（超轻量级<66公斤级176场，次轻量级66>73公斤级289场，轻量级73>81公斤级180场，次中量级81>90公斤级244场，中量级81>90公斤级174场，次重量级90>100公斤级151场，重量级>100公斤级142场），涉及接近、抓握、攻击、防守和地面格斗阶段的动作，通过马尔可夫链验证它们之间的相互作用，并通过克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验和邓恩事后检验进行比较（p≤0.05）。结果表明，较轻体重级别在接近阶段的表现高于重量级，轻量级组在防守动作频率上高于次轻量级和重量级运动员。重量级和中量级在地面格斗频率上高于较轻体重级别，重量级在暂停频率上高于轻量级。关于决策模型，马尔可夫链呈现的主要转变显示出以下组合的较高发生率：抓握发生在杠杆攻击和长攻击之前，杠杆攻击后接长攻击，长攻击发生早于地面格斗阶段。
