School of Nursing, Qingdao University, No.38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong Province, China.
The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
BMC Pediatr. 2022 Aug 1;22(1):460. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03521-w.
Constipation is one of the common symptoms in childhood. The prevalence of FC is about 0.5% to 32% and still on the rise according to global statistics. The aim of this study is to explore the associations between family-related factors (e.g., parental conflict, parenting style, and parent-child relationship) and functional constipation of preschool children based on family system theory.
The study is a case-control survey of preschoolers in China. In total, 108 preschoolers with functional constipation diagnosed with pediatric Rome IV criteria and 324 healthy examination preschoolers without functional constipation were enrolled in the study. Parents completed the following 5 instruments: General information questionnaire, the Parental Conflict Scale, the Parenting Style Questionnaire, the Child-parent Relationship Scale and the Children's Emotional Adjustment Scale-Preschool Version.
Nine categories of factors which significantly predicted functional constipation in preschoolers were retained in the final logistic regression model: Second child in birth order (OR = 0.456; 95% CI, 0.229 to 0.910), children picky eating (OR = 2.936; 95% CI, 1.133 to 7.611), bad bowel habits (OR = 2.896; 95% CI, 1.391 to 6.028), parental history of constipation (OR = 3.259; 95% CI, 1.600 to 6.639), parents blaming the child for having a bad bowel movement (OR = 3.788; 95% CI, 1.391 to 10.318), more than 3 h of fathers-child interaction time per day (OR = 0.137; 95% CI, 0.024 to 0.778), parental conflict (OR = 1.981; 95% CI, 0.950 to 3.831), doting or authoritarian parenting style (OR = 1.644; 95% CI, 1.067 to 2.534, OR = 2.481; 95% CI, 1.362 to 4.519), and anxiety control or temper control in children (OR = 0.492; 95% CI, 0.303 to 0.799, OR = 0.189; 95% CI, 0.103 to 0.348).
This study identified the significant associations between family-related factors and functional constipation in preschool children, which provide implications for healthcare professionals to address functional constipation in early childhood using a preventive lens.
便秘是儿童常见的症状之一。根据全球统计数据，FC 的患病率约为 0.5%至 32%，且仍呈上升趋势。本研究旨在基于家庭系统理论，探讨与家庭相关的因素（如父母冲突、育儿方式和亲子关系）与学龄前儿童功能性便秘之间的关联。
本研究是一项在中国学龄前儿童中进行的病例对照调查。共纳入 108 例符合小儿罗马 IV 标准的功能性便秘患儿和 324 例无功能性便秘的健康体检学龄前儿童。父母完成以下 5 项量表：一般信息问卷、父母冲突量表、育儿方式问卷、儿童-父母关系量表和儿童情绪调节量表-学龄前版。
最终的逻辑回归模型保留了 9 类显著预测学龄前儿童功能性便秘的因素：排行第二的孩子（OR=0.456；95%CI，0.229 至 0.910）、孩子挑食（OR=2.936；95%CI，1.133 至 7.611）、不良排便习惯（OR=2.896；95%CI，1.391 至 6.028）、父母有便秘史（OR=3.259；95%CI，1.600 至 6.639）、父母因孩子排便不好而责备孩子（OR=3.788；95%CI，1.391 至 10.318）、每天与父亲互动时间超过 3 小时（OR=0.137；95%CI，0.024 至 0.778）、父母冲突（OR=1.981；95%CI，0.950 至 3.831）、溺爱或专制育儿方式（OR=1.644；95%CI，1.067 至 2.534，OR=2.481；95%CI，1.362 至 4.519）以及儿童的焦虑控制或脾气控制（OR=0.492；95%CI，0.303 至 0.799，OR=0.189；95%CI，0.103 至 0.348）。
本研究确定了与家庭相关因素与学龄前儿童功能性便秘之间的显著关联，这为医疗保健专业人员提供了启示，以便从预防的角度解决儿童早期的功能性便秘问题。
