Department of Education and Social Psychology, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jul 11;16(14):2461. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16142461.
Parents exert a strong influence on several adjustment outcomes. However, little is known about their influence on adolescents' connectedness with the environment. This study examined the relationships between parenting styles, empathy and connectedness with the environment. The two-dimensional socialization model was used with four resulting styles: Indulgent, authoritative, neglectful and authoritarian. The sample comprised 797 adolescents (52.7% girls) from six public secondary schools who were aged between 12 and 16 years ( = 13.94, = 1.28). The results showed significant relationships between parental socialization styles, empathy and connectedness with nature. It was also observed that adolescents from indulgent and authoritative families showed higher levels of empathy and connectedness with the environment than adolescents raised by authoritarian and neglectful parents, with males from such families consistently presenting the lowest levels of empathy and connectedness, which was not the case among women. Additionally, women, regardless of the parental style in which they had been educated, showed greater cognitive and emotional empathy with the natural environment, while adolescents raised in indulgent and authoritative families displayed higher levels of empathy and connectedness than those with authoritarian and neglectful parents. These results suggest that indulgent and authoritative styles are stronger enablers of empathy and connectedness with nature.
父母对许多适应结果都有强烈的影响。然而，他们对青少年与环境的联系的影响知之甚少。本研究探讨了教养方式、同理心与与环境的联系之间的关系。采用二维社会化模式，产生了四种风格：放纵型、权威型、忽视型和专制型。样本包括来自六所公立中学的 797 名青少年（52.7%为女孩），年龄在 12 至 16 岁之间（ = 13.94， = 1.28）。结果表明，父母的社会化风格、同理心与与自然的联系之间存在显著关系。还观察到，来自放纵和权威家庭的青少年比来自专制和忽视家庭的青少年表现出更高的同理心和与环境的联系，而来自这些家庭的男性则始终表现出最低的同理心和与环境的联系，而女性则并非如此。此外，无论她们在何种教养方式中长大，女性对自然环境的认知和情感同理心都更强，而在放纵和权威家庭中长大的青少年比在专制和忽视家庭中长大的青少年表现出更高的同理心和与环境的联系。这些结果表明，放纵和权威的风格更能促进与自然的同理心和联系。
