Ogunsuji O O, Dosumu E B, Dairo M D, Ogunsuji A I
Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan.
Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan.
Ann Ib Postgrad Med. 2021 Jun;19(1):70-77.
Globally, there is an increasing incidence of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs). Major oral diseases such as caries and periodontal disease which are classified as NCDs, are not left out of this trend. Recent reports are suggestive of increasing prevalence and severity of oral diseases among adolescents, despite accessibility of dental services. Ascertaining the oral health status of adolescents making use of dental services and how they perceive their oral health could help develop preventive and therapeutic strategies. This study therefore aims to determine the self-perception of adolescents utilizing dental services about their oral health and factors affecting their oral hygiene status.
This clinic-based cross-sectional study was carried out among adolescents attending the Dental Center, University College Hospital, Ibadan Nigeria. A total of 113 adolescents were recruited into this study using a systematic random sampling technique. A WHO Oral health questionnaire was administered to the participants. Questions were asked on socio-demographics, self-perception of oral health and oral hygiene practices. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation were used to present the data. Independent T test and One way ANOVA were used to analyze categorical exposure variables with normally distributed numerical outcomes. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Majority of study participants had positive self-perception of health of their teeth (53.1%) and gingiva (62.8%) respectively, their mean OHI-S was 2.24 with 62.8% of adolescents having a fair oral hygiene. Mean DMFT was 0.96 with 75.2% of participants having a very low DMFT. OHI-S and DMFT were both significantly associated with age of adolescents, with late adolescents having significantly higher mean OHI-S and DMFT scores than early adolescents (p < 0.05). Adolescents who cleaned their teeth at least twice daily had significantly higher DMFT values than those who cleaned once daily (P < 0.05).
This study found late adolescents had higher DMFT and OHI-S scores. There might be need to increase oral health awareness in senior secondary schools and tertiary institutions to help improve their oral health status. Its pertinent that adolescents are encouraged and taught good oral hygiene measures when they visit dental clinics, in school and at home. Adolescents utilizing dental services are likely to be more self-conscious about their oral health thus increasing the frequency of their teeth cleaning.
在全球范围内，非传染性疾病（NCDs）的发病率正在上升。被归类为非传染性疾病的主要口腔疾病，如龋齿和牙周病，也未能摆脱这一趋势。最近的报告表明，尽管可以获得牙科服务，但青少年口腔疾病的患病率和严重程度仍在上升。确定利用牙科服务的青少年的口腔健康状况以及他们对自身口腔健康的看法，有助于制定预防和治疗策略。因此，本研究旨在确定利用牙科服务的青少年对其口腔健康的自我认知以及影响其口腔卫生状况的因素。
本基于诊所的横断面研究在尼日利亚伊巴丹大学学院医院牙科中心就诊的青少年中进行。使用系统随机抽样技术，共招募了113名青少年参与本研究。向参与者发放了世界卫生组织口腔健康问卷。询问了有关社会人口统计学、口腔健康自我认知和口腔卫生习惯的问题。使用频率、百分比、均值、标准差等描述性统计方法来呈现数据。使用独立t检验和单因素方差分析来分析具有正态分布数值结果的分类暴露变量。p值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
大多数研究参与者对其牙齿（53.1%）和牙龈（62.8%）的健康有积极的自我认知，他们的平均口腔卫生指数（OHI-S）为2.24，62.8%的青少年口腔卫生状况一般。平均龋失补指数（DMFT）为0.96，75.2%的参与者DMFT非常低。OHI-S和DMFT均与青少年的年龄显著相关，年龄较大的青少年的平均OHI-S和DMFT得分显著高于年龄较小的青少年（p<0.05）。每天至少刷牙两次的青少年的DMFT值显著高于每天刷牙一次的青少年（P<0.05）。
本研究发现年龄较大的青少年的DMFT和OHI-S得分较高。可能需要提高高中和高等院校的口腔健康意识，以帮助改善他们的口腔健康状况。当青少年在牙科诊所、学校和家中就诊时，鼓励并教导他们良好的口腔卫生措施是很有必要的。利用牙科服务的青少年可能会更加关注自己的口腔健康，从而增加刷牙的频率。
