Melchor-Martínez Elda M, Macías-Garbett Rodrigo, Alvarado-Ramírez Lynette, Araújo Rafael G, Sosa-Hernández Juan Eduardo, Ramírez-Gamboa Diana, Parra-Arroyo Lizeth, Alvarez Abraham Garza, Monteverde Rosina Paola Benavides, Cazares Karen Aleida Salazar, Reyes-Mayer Adriana, Yáñez Lino Mauricio, Iqbal Hafiz M N, Parra-Saldívar Roberto
Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
Cadena Comercial OXXO S.A de C.V., Monterrey 64480, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 Mar 17;14(6):1203. doi: 10.3390/polym14061203.
Plastics have become an essential part of the modern world thanks to their appealing physical and chemical properties as well as their low production cost. The most common type of polymers used for plastic account for 90% of the total production and are made from petroleum-based nonrenewable resources. Concerns over the sustainability of the current production model and the environmental implications of traditional plastics have fueled the demand for greener formulations and alternatives. In the last decade, new plastics manufactured from renewable sources and biological processes have emerged from research and have been established as a commercially viable solution with less adverse effects. Nevertheless, economic and legislative challenges for biobased plastics hinder their widespread implementation. This review summarizes the history of plastics over the last century, including the most relevant bioplastics and production methods, the environmental impact and mitigation of the adverse effects of conventional and emerging plastics, and the regulatory landscape that renewable and recyclable bioplastics face to reach a sustainable future.
由于其吸引人的物理和化学性质以及较低的生产成本，塑料已成为现代世界不可或缺的一部分。用于塑料的最常见聚合物类型占总产量的90%，由石油基不可再生资源制成。对当前生产模式可持续性以及传统塑料对环境影响的担忧，推动了对更环保配方和替代品的需求。在过去十年中，由可再生资源和生物过程制造的新型塑料已从研究中涌现出来，并已成为一种具有较小负面影响的商业可行解决方案。然而，生物基塑料面临的经济和立法挑战阻碍了它们的广泛应用。本综述总结了上个世纪塑料的历史，包括最相关的生物塑料及其生产方法、传统和新型塑料的环境影响及负面影响的缓解措施，以及可再生和可回收生物塑料为实现可持续未来所面临的监管环境。
