Cavallero Serena, Bellini Ilaria, Pizzarelli Antonella, D'Amelio Stefano
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Pathogens. 2022 Feb 23;11(3):285. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11030285.
Anisakiasis is a zoonosis caused by the ingestion of raw or undercooked seafood infected with third-stage larvae (L3) of the marine nematode . Based on L3 localization in human accidental hosts, gastric, intestinal or ectopic (extra-gastrointestinal) anisakiasis can occur, in association with mild to severe symptoms of an allergic nature. Given the increasing consumption of fish worldwide, the European Food Safety Authority declared as an emerging pathogen. Despite its importance for public health and economy, the scientific literature is largely characterized by taxonomic, systematic and ecological studies, while investigations on clinical aspects, such as the inflammatory and immune response during anisakiasis, using a proper model that simulates the niche of infection are still very scarce. The aims of this review are to describe the clinical features of anisakiasis, to report the main evidence from the in vivo and in vitro studies carried out to date, highlighting limitations, and to propose future perspectives in the study field of anisakiasis.
异尖线虫病是一种人畜共患病，由摄入感染了海洋线虫第三期幼虫（L3）的生的或未煮熟的海鲜引起。根据L3在人类意外宿主中的定位，可发生胃、肠道或异位（胃肠道外）异尖线虫病，并伴有轻度至重度的过敏症状。鉴于全球鱼类消费量的增加，欧洲食品安全局将其列为一种新出现的病原体。尽管异尖线虫病对公共卫生和经济很重要，但科学文献主要是分类学、系统学和生态学研究，而使用模拟感染生态位的适当模型对临床方面进行的研究，如异尖线虫病期间的炎症和免疫反应，仍然非常稀少。本综述的目的是描述异尖线虫病的临床特征，报告迄今为止进行的体内和体外研究的主要证据，突出局限性，并提出异尖线虫病研究领域的未来展望。
