Kavarnos Ioannis, Pardali Dimitra, Brellou Georgia D, Papadopoulos Elias, Kritsepi-Konstantinou Maria, Adamama-Moraitou Katerina K
Companion Animal Clinic (Medicine Unit), School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Τhessaloniki, Greece.
Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Pathogens. 2022 Mar 17;11(3):365. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11030365.
Clinical manifestations from the lower respiratory tract are rare in canine leishmaniosis (CanL), making bronchoscopy and lung fine-needle aspiration (FNA) seldomly justified. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the involvement of in the lungs of dogs with naturally occurring CanL by bronchoscopy and examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), bronchial mucosa biopsies, and FNA, using immunodiagnostics. Dogs with relevant concurrent diseases and azotemia were excluded. Cough was detected in 5/31 (16.1%) dogs. Lesions (hyperemia, edema, mucosal granularity, secretions) were identified upon bronchoscopy in 19/31 (61.3%) dogs. The cytology of BALF revealed histiocytic inflammation in 14/31 (45.2%) dogs; the parasite was identified in one dog (3.2%). The immunofluorescence antibody test in BALF was positive in 15/31 (48.4%) dogs. Histopathology of bronchial mucosa and/or adjacent alveoli revealed lesions (mononuclear cell infiltration, fibrosis, edema, thickening of the inter-alveolar septa) in 24/31 (77.4%) dogs, with no amastigotes. Positive antigen staining was observed within the cytoplasm of mononuclear cells in immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Μononuclear cells showed antigenic positivity in bronchial mucosa (27/31; 87.1%), BALF (30/31; 96.8%), and lung FNA (27/31; 87.1%). In conclusion, lungs seem to be affected from CanL more commonly than previously believed, and bronchoscopy allows obtaining valuable samples for antemortem diagnosis.
犬利什曼病（CanL）的下呼吸道临床表现罕见，使得支气管镜检查和肺细针穿刺抽吸术（FNA）很少有必要。这项前瞻性研究的目的是通过支气管镜检查以及对支气管肺泡灌洗（BALF）、支气管黏膜活检和FNA进行检查，并使用免疫诊断方法，来研究自然发生CanL的犬肺部的受累情况。排除患有相关并发疾病和氮质血症的犬。在31只犬中有5只（16.1%）检测到咳嗽。在31只犬中有19只（61.3%）在支气管镜检查时发现病变（充血、水肿、黏膜颗粒状、分泌物）。BALF的细胞学检查显示14只犬（45.2%）有组织细胞性炎症；在1只犬（3.2%）中发现了寄生虫。BALF中的免疫荧光抗体检测在15只犬（48.4%）中呈阳性。支气管黏膜和/或相邻肺泡的组织病理学检查显示24只犬（77.4%）有病变（单核细胞浸润纤维化、水肿、肺泡间隔增厚），未发现无鞭毛体。在免疫细胞化学和免疫组织化学中，在单核细胞的细胞质内观察到阳性抗原染色。单核细胞在支气管黏膜（27/31；87.1%）、BALF（30/31；96.8%）和肺FNA（27/31；87.1%）中显示抗原阳性。总之，肺部似乎比以前认为的更常受到CanL的影响，并且支气管镜检查有助于获取用于生前诊断的有价值样本。
