Khazaei Monfared Yousef, Mahmoudian Mohammad, Hoti Gjylije, Caldera Fabrizio, López Nicolás José Manuel, Zakeri-Milani Parvin, Matencio Adrián, Trotta Francesco
Dipartimento Di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166414766, Iran.
Pharmaceutics. 2022 Mar 21;14(3):685. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030685.
At present, antibiotic resistance is considered a real problem. Therefore, for decades scientists have been looking for novel strategies to treat bacterial infections. Nisin Z, an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), can be considered an option, but its usage is mainly limited by the poor stability and short duration of its antimicrobial activity. In this context, cyclodextrin (CD)-based nanosponges (NSs), synthesized using carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), were chosen for nisin Z loading. To determine the minimum inhibitory of nisin Z loaded on CD-NS formulations, agar well diffusion plates were used. Then, the bactericide concentrations of nisin Z loaded on CD-NS formulations were determined against Gram-positive () and -negative () bacteria, using microdilution brain heart infusion (BHI) and tetrazolium salt 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT). The minimum and bactericide inhibitory values of the nisin complex with NSs were potentially decreased against both bacteria, compared with the nisin-free sample, while the nisin complex with β-CD showed lower antibacterial activity. The antimicrobial effect was also demonstrated by free NSs. Furthermore, the total viable counts (TVCs) antibacterial experiment indicated that the combination of nisin Z in both PMDA and CDI β-CD-based NSs, especially CDI, can provide a better conservative effect on cooked chicken meat. Generally, the present study outcomes suggest that the cross-linked β-CD-based NSs can present their own antimicrobial potency or serve as promising carriers to deliver and enhance the antibacterial action of nisin Z.
目前，抗生素耐药性被认为是一个现实问题。因此，几十年来科学家们一直在寻找治疗细菌感染的新策略。乳酸链球菌素Z是一种抗菌肽（AMP），可以被视为一种选择，但其使用主要受到其抗菌活性稳定性差和持续时间短的限制。在这种情况下，选择了使用羰基二咪唑（CDI）和均苯四甲酸二酐（PMDA）合成的基于环糊精（CD）的纳米海绵（NSs）来负载乳酸链球菌素Z。为了确定负载在CD-NS制剂上的乳酸链球菌素Z的最低抑菌浓度，使用了琼脂孔扩散平板。然后，使用微量稀释脑心浸液（BHI）和四唑盐3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑（MTT），针对革兰氏阳性（）和阴性（）细菌，测定负载在CD-NS制剂上的乳酸链球菌素Z的杀菌浓度。与不含乳酸链球菌素的样品相比，乳酸链球菌素与NSs的复合物对两种细菌的最低抑菌值和杀菌值可能都降低了，而乳酸链球菌素与β-CD的复合物显示出较低的抗菌活性。游离的NSs也表现出抗菌作用。此外，总活菌数（TVCs）抗菌实验表明，在基于PMDA和CDIβ-CD的NSs中，尤其是CDI中，乳酸链球菌素Z的组合可以对熟鸡肉提供更好的保鲜效果。总体而言，本研究结果表明，交联的基于β-CD的NSs可以展现自身的抗菌效力，或作为有前景的载体来递送和增强乳酸链球菌素Z的抗菌作用。
