Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, Brazil.
Departament of Telematics, Federal Institute of Ceará, Fortaleza 60040-531, Brazil.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Mar 11;22(6):2182. doi: 10.3390/s22062182.
Respiratory diseases are one of the most common causes of death in the world and this recent COVID-19 pandemic is a key example. Problems such as infections, in general, affect many people and depending on the form of transmission they can spread throughout the world and weaken thousands of people. Two examples are severe acute respiratory syndrome and the recent coronavirus disease. These diseases have mild and severe forms, in which patients gravely affected need ventilatory support. The equipment that serves as a basis for operation of the mechanical ventilator is the air-oxygen blender, responsible for carrying out the air-oxygen mixture in the proper proportions ensuring constant supply. New blender models are described in the literature together with applications of control techniques, such as Proportional, Integrative and Derivative (PID); Fuzzy; and Adaptive. The results obtained from the literature show a significant improvement in patient care when using automatic controls instead of manual adjustment, increasing the safety and accuracy of the treatment. This study presents a deep review of the state of the art in air-oxygen benders, identifies the most relevant characteristics, performs a comparison study considering the most relevant available solutions, and identifies open research directions in the topic.
呼吸系统疾病是世界上最常见的死亡原因之一，最近的 COVID-19 大流行就是一个重要的例子。一般来说，感染等问题会影响很多人，而且根据传播方式的不同，它们可能会在全球范围内传播，并使数千人衰弱。两个例子是严重急性呼吸系统综合征和最近的冠状病毒病。这些疾病有轻度和重度两种形式，严重受影响的患者需要通气支持。作为机械呼吸机运行基础的设备是空气-氧气混合器，负责以确保持续供应的适当比例进行空气-氧气混合。文献中描述了新的混合器模型以及控制技术的应用，如比例、积分和微分（PID）；模糊；和自适应。文献中的结果表明，使用自动控制代替手动调节可显著改善患者护理，提高治疗的安全性和准确性。本研究对空气-氧气混合器的最新技术进行了深入回顾，确定了最相关的特征，考虑了最相关的现有解决方案进行了比较研究，并确定了该主题的开放研究方向。
