College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
Key Laboratory for Garden Plant Germplasm Development & Landscape Eco-Restoration in Cold Regions of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150040, China.
Sci Rep. 2022 Mar 25;12(1):5168. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09205-w.
Shennongjia is one of the most important ecological function areas and ecologically vulnerable zones in the world. With the rapid development of social economies, especially tourism, the ecological environment of Shennongjia has experienced profound changes. Exploring the characteristics and changing trends of ecological environment in Shennongjia will help to analyze the causes of the damage to the ecological environment, and build a vulnerability analysis framework with multi-scale, multi-element, multi-flow, and multi-circulation characteristics, which provides an effective research paradigm and analysis tool for the study of regional ecological vulnerability. With the support of RS and GIS technology, this study uses spatial principal component analysis (SPCA) and the vulnerability scoring diagram (VSD) model to comprehensively and quantitatively analyze the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics and driving forces of ecological vulnerability in Shennongjia from 1996 to 2018. The VSD model was selected to decompose the vulnerability into three components of "exposure-sensitivity-adaptation", and 16 indicators were selected to construct an ecological vulnerability evaluation system in Shennongjia, and the evaluation data were organized in a progressive and detailed way. (1) During the study period, the overall ecological vulnerability of Shennongjia is in a mild vulnerability level, exhibiting differentiation characteristics of high in the northeast and low in the southwest. High vulnerability zones are mainly distributed in the main towns and roads. (2) The risk of ecological vulnerability of the entire region presents the characteristics of continuous decline. (3) Land-use types, population density, and vegetation coverage are the main factors driving the evolution of ecological vulnerability. (4) A high level of coupling coordination exists between ecological vulnerability and landscape patterns. Analyses of the ecological vulnerability of Shennongjia shows that the entire region is in a mild vulnerability level. The extreme vulnerability risk of the ecological environment shows polarization. The evolution of ecological environment in Shennongjia is the result of the interaction between human activities and natural environment. This study offers an effective way to assess ecological vulnerability and provides some strategies and guidance for improving ecological security.
神农架是世界上最重要的生态功能区和生态脆弱区之一。随着社会经济的快速发展，特别是旅游业的发展，神农架的生态环境发生了深刻变化。探讨神农架生态环境的特征和变化趋势，有助于分析生态环境破坏的原因，构建具有多尺度、多要素、多流向、多循环特征的脆弱性分析框架，为区域生态脆弱性研究提供有效的研究范式和分析工具。本研究利用 RS 和 GIS 技术，采用空间主成分分析（SPCA）和脆弱性评分图（VSD）模型，综合定量分析了 1996-2018 年神农架生态脆弱性的时空演变特征及其驱动力。选择 VSD 模型将脆弱性分解为“暴露-敏感性-适应”三个组成部分，选取 16 个指标构建神农架生态脆弱性评价体系，对评价数据进行了递进式、精细化的组织。（1）研究期间，神农架整体生态脆弱性处于轻度脆弱水平，呈现出东北高、西南低的分异特征。高脆弱区主要分布在主要城镇和道路。（2）全区生态脆弱性风险呈现持续下降的特征。（3）土地利用类型、人口密度和植被覆盖度是驱动生态脆弱性演变的主要因素。（4）生态脆弱性与景观格局之间存在高度的耦合协调关系。对神农架生态脆弱性的分析表明，全区处于轻度脆弱水平，生态环境极端脆弱性风险呈两极化发展。神农架生态环境的演变是人类活动与自然环境相互作用的结果。本研究为评估生态脆弱性提供了有效方法，为改善生态安全提供了一些策略和指导。
