Cai Yanlong, Guo Xiaoyu, Liu Junshuai, Wang Dake, Zheng Jilin
Harbin Center for Integrated Natural Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone in Black Soil, Harbin, Ministry of Natural Resources, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Mar 8;15(1):8063. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-92642-0.
Assessing ecological geological vulnerability is crucial for the protection and restoration of regional ecological environments. Considering the strategic ecological importance of Northern Shanxi Province in China, this study undertakes a thorough regional ecological geological vulnerability assessment, aiming to devise specific countermeasures and generate insightful research contributions. This methodology guides ecological environment evaluations and restorations in Northern Shanxi Province and similar Northwestern Chinese regions. Centering on Northern Shanxi Province, the study utilizes the Sensitivity-Resilience-Pressure (SRP) model to meticulously select 11 indicators, encompassing slope, soil erosion intensity, and the Enhanced Vegetation Indicator (EVI). The study establishes the ecological geological vulnerability index (EGVI) and the ecological geological vulnerability comprehensive index (EGVCI) for the first time, employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), to perform the ecological geological vulnerability assessment. The study results show that the EGVCI index for Northern Shanxi Province is approximately 3.96, which represents the ecological geological vulnerability of Northern Shanxi Province residing at a mild level. Regions with the moderate to extreme vulnerability represent about 23.7% of the total area, mainly distributed in the basin-mountain transition zones and the western low-mountain areas, with the primary ecological geological issues of environmental problems caused by open-pit mining activities, soil erosion, and land salinization. The driving factors of the vulnerability are soil erosion intensity, mineral exploitation intensity, water conservation capacity, land use type, slope, and EVI.
评估生态地质脆弱性对于区域生态环境的保护和恢复至关重要。考虑到中国山西省北部的战略生态重要性，本研究对该区域进行了全面的生态地质脆弱性评估，旨在制定具体对策并做出有见地的研究贡献。该方法为山西省北部及中国西北类似地区的生态环境评估和恢复提供了指导。本研究以山西省北部为中心，利用敏感性 - 恢复力 - 压力（SRP）模型精心选取了11个指标，包括坡度、土壤侵蚀强度和增强植被指数（EVI）。首次运用层次分析法（AHP）和主成分分析法（PCA）建立了生态地质脆弱性指数（EGVI）和生态地质脆弱性综合指数（EGVCI），以进行生态地质脆弱性评估。研究结果表明，山西省的EGVCI指数约为3.96，表明山西省的生态地质脆弱性处于轻度水平。中度至极端脆弱性区域约占总面积的23.7%，主要分布在盆山过渡带和西部低山地区，主要生态地质问题是露天采矿活动、土壤侵蚀和土地盐碱化导致的环境问题。脆弱性的驱动因素是土壤侵蚀强度、矿产开发强度、水资源涵养能力、土地利用类型、坡度和EVI。
