Badalamenti Natale, Modica Aurora, Bazan Giuseppe, Marino Pasquale, Bruno Maurizio
Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Phytochemistry. 2022 Jun;198:113165. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113165. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
This review is a systematic scientific work on medicinal and traditional use, on the chemical composition of specialized metabolites, volatile and non-volatile, on aspects related to toxicology and phytotherapy of Nigella damascena L. The genus Nigella (Ranunculaceae) is distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin, extending to northern India, and has been divided into three sections. Nigella damanscena L. is traditionally used as an ingredient in food, for example, as flavouring agents in bread and cheese, but is also known in folk medicine, used to regulate menstruation; for catarrhal affections and amenorrhea; as a diuretic and sternutatory; as an analgesic, anti-oedematous, and antipyretic; and for vermifuge and its disinfectant effects. This paper reviews the most dated to the latest scientific research on this species, highlighting the single isolated metabolites and exploring their biological activity. Fifty-seven natural compounds have been isolated and characterised from the seeds, roots, and aerial parts of the plant. Among these constituents, alkaloids, flavonoids, diterpenes, triterpenes, and aromatic compounds are the main constituents. The isolated compounds and the various extracts obtained with solvents of different polarities presented a diverse spectrum of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antitumour, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anti-oedema, and antiviral activities. Various in vitro and in vivo tests have demonstrated the pharmacological potential of β-elemene and alkaloid damascenin. Unfortunately, the largest number of biological studies on this species and its metabolites have been conducted in vitro; therefore, further investigation is necessary to evaluate the toxicological aspects and real mechanisms of action of crude extracts to confirm the therapeutic potential of N. damascena.
本综述是一项关于黑种草（Nigella damascena L.）的药用和传统用途、挥发性和非挥发性特殊代谢产物的化学成分、毒理学及植物疗法相关方面的系统科学研究。黑种草属（毛茛科）分布于整个地中海盆地，延伸至印度北部，已被分为三个组。黑种草传统上用作食品成分，例如，作为面包和奶酪中的调味剂，但在民间医学中也有应用，用于调节月经；治疗卡他性疾病和闭经；作为利尿剂和催嚏剂；作为镇痛药、抗水肿药和解热药；以及驱虫药并具有消毒作用。本文回顾了关于该物种从最早到最新的科学研究，突出了单个分离的代谢产物并探索了它们的生物活性。已从该植物的种子、根和地上部分分离并鉴定出57种天然化合物。在这些成分中，生物碱、黄酮类化合物、二萜类化合物、三萜类化合物和芳香族化合物是主要成分。分离出的化合物以及用不同极性溶剂获得的各种提取物呈现出多种生物活性，如抗菌、抗真菌、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎、解热、抗水肿和抗病毒活性。各种体外和体内试验已经证明了β-榄香烯和生物碱黑种草宁的药理潜力。不幸的是，关于该物种及其代谢产物的大多数生物学研究都是在体外进行的；因此，有必要进一步研究以评估粗提物的毒理学方面和实际作用机制，以确认黑种草的治疗潜力。
