Furl Nicholas, Begum Forida, Ferrarese Francesca Pizzorni, Jans Sarah, Woolley Caroline, Sulik Justin
Royal Holloway, 3162University of London, UK.
Royal Holloway, 3162University of London, UK; Cognition, Values & Behavior, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany.
Perception. 2022 May;51(5):313-343. doi: 10.1177/03010066221086452. Epub 2022 Mar 28.
Although faces "in the wild" constantly undergo complicated movements, humans adeptly perceive facial identity and expression. Previous studies, focusing mainly on identity, used photographic caricature to show that distinctive form increases perceived dissimilarity. We tested whether distinctive facial showed similar effects, and we focussed on both perception of expression and identity We caricatured the movements of an animated computer head, using physical motion metrics extracted from videos. We verified that these "ground truth" metrics showed the expected effects: Caricature increased physical dissimilarity between faces differing in expression and those differing in identity. Like the ground truth dissimilarity, participants' dissimilarity perception was increased by caricature when faces differed in expression. We found these perceived dissimilarities to reflect the "representational geometry" of the ground truth. However, neither of these findings held for faces differing in identity. These findings replicated across two paradigms: pairwise ratings and multiarrangement. In a final study, motion caricature did not improve recognition memory for identity, whether manipulated at study or test. We report several forms of converging evidence for spatiotemporal caricature effects on dissimilarity perception of different expressions. However, more work needs to be done to discover what identity-specific movements can enhance face identification.
尽管“现实生活中”的面孔不断经历复杂的运动，但人类仍能熟练地感知面部身份和表情。以往的研究主要聚焦于身份识别，通过照片漫画表明独特的形态会增加感知到的差异。我们测试了独特的面部特征是否有类似效果，并且我们同时关注了表情和身份的感知。我们利用从视频中提取的物理运动指标对一个动画电脑头像的运动进行了漫画化处理。我们验证了这些“真实指标”显示出了预期的效果：漫画化增加了表情不同和身份不同的面孔之间的物理差异。与真实差异一样，当面孔表情不同时，参与者对差异的感知也会因漫画化而增加。我们发现这些感知到的差异反映了真实情况的“表征几何”。然而，对于身份不同的面孔，这两个发现都不成立。这些发现在两种范式中得到了重复验证：两两评级和多重排列。在最后一项研究中，无论在学习阶段还是测试阶段进行操作，运动漫画化都没有提高对身份的识别记忆。我们报告了几种形式的汇聚证据，证明时空漫画化对不同表情的差异感知有影响。然而，还需要做更多的工作来发现哪些特定于身份的运动可以增强面部识别。
