School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia.
ACS Infect Dis. 2022 Apr 8;8(4):693-712. doi: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00660. Epub 2022 Mar 28.
Bacterial infections are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, despite decades of use of numerous existing antibiotics and constant efforts by researchers to discover new antibiotics. The emergence of infections associated with antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, has amplified the pressure to develop additional bactericidal therapies or new unorthodox approaches that can deal with antimicrobial resistance. Nanomaterial-based strategies, particularly those that do not rely on conventional small-molecule antibiotics, offer promise in part due to their ability to dodge existing mechanisms used by drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, the use of nanomaterial-based formulations has attracted attention in the field of antibiotic therapy. In this Review, we highlight novel and emerging nanomaterial-based formulations along with details about the mechanisms by which nanoparticles can target bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance. A detailed discussion about types and the activities of nanoparticles is presented, along with how they can be used as either delivery systems or as inherent antimicrobials, or a combination of both. Lastly, we highlight some toxicological concerns for the use of nanoparticles in antibiotic therapies.
细菌感染是全球范围内导致死亡和发病的重要原因，尽管数十年来使用了许多现有的抗生素，并且研究人员不断努力发现新的抗生素。与抗生素耐药细菌株相关的感染的出现，加剧了开发额外杀菌疗法或新的非传统方法的压力，这些方法可以应对抗微生物药物耐药性。基于纳米材料的策略，特别是那些不依赖传统小分子抗生素的策略，由于其能够规避耐药细菌使用的现有机制，因此具有一定的前景。因此，基于纳米材料的制剂在抗生素治疗领域引起了关注。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了新型和新兴的基于纳米材料的制剂，以及纳米颗粒靶向细菌感染和抗微生物药物耐药性的机制的详细信息。我们详细讨论了纳米颗粒的类型和活性，以及它们如何既可以用作递送系统，也可以用作固有抗菌剂，或者两者兼而有之。最后，我们强调了在抗生素治疗中使用纳米颗粒的一些毒理学问题。
