School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science & Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland; Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey.
Int J Pharm. 2020 Aug 30;586:119531. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119531. Epub 2020 Jun 12.
This review details the antimicrobial applications of inorganic nanomaterials of mostly metallic form, and the augmentation of activity by surface conjugation of peptide ligands. The review is subdivided into three main sections, of which the first describes the antimicrobial activity of inorganic nanomaterials against gram-positive, gram-negative and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. The second section highlights the range of antimicrobial peptides and the drug resistance strategies employed by bacterial species to counter lethality. The final part discusses the role of antimicrobial peptide-decorated inorganic nanomaterials in the fight against bacterial strains that show resistance. General strategies for the preparation of antimicrobial peptides and their conjugation to nanomaterials are discussed, emphasizing the use of elemental and metallic oxide nanomaterials. Importantly, the permeation of antimicrobial peptides through the bacterial membrane is shown to aid the delivery of nanomaterials into bacterial cells. By judicious use of targeting ligands, the nanomaterial becomes able to differentiate between bacterial and mammalian cells and, thus, reduce side effects. Moreover, peptide conjugation to the surface of a nanomaterial will alter surface chemistry in ways that lead to reduction in toxicity and improvements in biocompatibility.
这篇综述详细介绍了无机纳米材料的抗菌应用，这些纳米材料主要以金属形式存在，并通过肽配体的表面共轭来提高其活性。该综述分为三个主要部分，第一部分描述了无机纳米材料对革兰氏阳性、革兰氏阴性和多药耐药菌的抗菌活性。第二部分重点介绍了抗菌肽的范围以及细菌物种用来对抗致死性的耐药策略。最后一部分讨论了抗菌肽修饰的无机纳米材料在对抗表现出耐药性的细菌菌株方面的作用。讨论了制备抗菌肽及其与纳米材料共轭的一般策略，强调了使用元素和金属氧化物纳米材料。重要的是，抗菌肽通过细菌膜的渗透有助于将纳米材料递送到细菌细胞中。通过明智地使用靶向配体，纳米材料能够区分细菌和哺乳动物细胞，从而减少副作用。此外，肽与纳米材料表面的共轭会改变表面化学性质，从而降低毒性并提高生物相容性。
