School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 Jun 15;432:128708. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128708. Epub 2022 Mar 20.
Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (1,1-Dimethylhydrazine, UDMH) has been widely used as aerospace fuel in many countries. The launch of space vehicles can cause the release and leakage of UDMH into the environment, posing serious threats to ecology system and human population. Even worse, the health risks are also pertinent to its numerous classes of transformation products including N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), because most of them display carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Recently, there has been an intense ongoing development of simple, fast, green, and effective techniques for determining and removing these hazardous substances. This review summarizes the latest research progress regarding the sources, fates, pretreatment, analysis, and removal techniques of UDMH and related products in the environment. Sample preparation methods mainly include pressurized liquid extraction, liquid-phase microextraction techniques, solid-phase extraction, headspace-solid-phase microextraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Detection and identification methods mainly include high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), and sensors. Removal methods mainly include advanced oxidation processes, adsorption, biodegradation techniques. The advantages/disadvantages, applications, and trends of the proposed approaches are thoroughly discussed to provide a valuable reference for further studies.
不对称二甲肼（1,1-二甲基肼，UDMH）已被许多国家广泛用作航空航天燃料。太空飞行器的发射会导致 UDMH 释放和泄漏到环境中，对生态系统和人类种群构成严重威胁。更糟糕的是，其众多转化产物（包括 N-亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA））也存在健康风险，因为它们大多数都具有致癌和致突变特性。最近，人们一直在积极开发简单、快速、绿色、有效的技术，以确定和去除这些有害物质。本综述总结了 UDMH 及相关产品在环境中的来源、归宿、预处理、分析和去除技术的最新研究进展。样品制备方法主要包括加压液体萃取、液相微萃取技术、固相萃取、顶空固相微萃取和超临界流体萃取。检测和鉴定方法主要包括高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（HPLC-MS/MS）、气相色谱-串联质谱法（GC-MS/MS）和传感器。去除方法主要包括高级氧化工艺、吸附和生物降解技术。彻底讨论了所提出方法的优缺点、应用和趋势，为进一步研究提供了有价值的参考。
