Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata, India.
Curr Drug Deliv. 2022;19(10):991-1000. doi: 10.2174/1567201819666220328142620.
The direct delivery of therapeutic molecules is generally inefficient and has several problems. Hence, nanomedicines with targeted and controlled delivery applications have been an exciting field of research for the past decade. In this regard, the adjustable properties of inorganic nanoparticles like particle size distribution, ability to change the targeting ligand to have a higher affinity towards the pathologic cell, and controlled delivery properties have made them indispensable for targeted drug delivery applications. Changing the ligand on the surface of the inorganic nanoparticle can direct different therapeutic molecules to different organs like the liver, spleen, kidney, bone, and even brain. However, while the other targeted nanomedicines are well-reported, the targeting of therapeutics to bone marrow cells is sparse in the literature. Hence, the administration of therapeutics for bone-related disorders, like bone metastases, leads to several problems, such as severe systemic toxicity and suboptimal efficacy. In this direction, we have shown our successful effort to functionalise a model inorganic nanoparticle (FeO) by glutamate ligand which is reported to have a high affinity towards the NMDA receptors of the bone cells. We have performed spectroscopic studies to characterize the nano-hybrid. We have shown that the cargo or the FeO nanoparticle possesses the ability to generate photo-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby leading to a therapeutic opportunity for bone metastases. In addition, the nanoparticle also possesses the ability to generate enhanced ROS on X-ray irradiation, which may provide a new strategy for bone metastases and cancer therapy. Also, this paper reviews the advancement in the drug delivery applications of inorganic nanoparticles and highlights the crosstalk between the inorganic nanoparticles with the conjugated targeting ligand for efficient delivery applications.
治疗分子的直接递送通常效率低下，并且存在几个问题。因此，具有靶向和控制递药应用的纳米药物在过去十年一直是一个令人兴奋的研究领域。在这方面，无机纳米粒子如粒径分布、改变靶向配体以提高对病理细胞亲和力的能力以及控制递药性质等可调节性质，使它们成为靶向药物递药应用不可或缺的一部分。改变无机纳米粒子表面的配体可以将不同的治疗分子引导到不同的器官，如肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、骨骼，甚至大脑。然而，虽然其他靶向纳米药物已有大量报道，但将治疗药物靶向骨髓细胞的文献却很少。因此，对于与骨骼相关的疾病（如骨转移）的治疗药物的给药会导致许多问题，如严重的全身毒性和疗效不佳。在这方面，我们已经成功地努力将模型无机纳米粒子（FeO）功能化，通过谷氨酸配体与骨细胞的 NMDA 受体具有高亲和力。我们进行了光谱研究来表征纳米杂化物。我们已经表明，货物或 FeO 纳米粒子具有生成光诱导活性氧物种（ROS）的能力，从而为骨转移提供了治疗机会。此外，该纳米粒子还具有在 X 射线照射下生成增强 ROS 的能力，这可能为骨转移和癌症治疗提供一种新策略。此外，本文还综述了无机纳米粒子在药物递药应用方面的进展，并强调了无机纳米粒子与共轭靶向配体之间的相互作用，以实现有效的递药应用。
