Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Dental Biomaterials Research Lab, Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Biomed Phys Eng Express. 2022 May 6;8(4). doi: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac682c.
The use of nanoparticles as biomaterials with applications in the biomedical field is growing every day. These nanomaterials can be used as contrast imaging agents, combination therapy agents, and targeted delivery systems in medicine and dentistry. Usually, nanoparticles are found as synthetic or natural organic materials, such as hydroxyapatite, polymers, and lipids. Besides that, they are could also be inorganic, for instance, metallic or metal-oxide-based particles. These inorganic nanoparticles could additionally present magnetic properties, such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The use of nanoparticles as drug delivery agents has many advantages, for they help diminish toxicity effects in the body since the drug dose reduces significantly, increases drugs biocompatibility, and helps target drugs to specific organs. As targeted-delivery agents, one of the applications uses nanoparticles as drug delivery particles for bone-tissue to treat cancer, osteoporosis, bone diseases, and dental treatments such as periodontitis. Their application as drug delivery agents requires a good comprehension of the nanoparticle properties and composition, alongside their synthesis and drug attachment characteristics. Properties such as size, shape, core-shell designs, and magnetic characteristics can influence their behavior inside the human body and modify magnetic properties in the case of magnetic nanoparticles. Based on that, many different studies have modified the synthesis methods for these nanoparticles and developed composite systems for therapeutics delivery, adapting, and improving magnetic properties, shell-core designs, and particle size and nanosystems characteristics. This review presents the most recent studies that have been presented with different nanoparticle types and structures for bone and dental drug delivery.
纳米粒子作为生物材料在生物医学领域的应用日益广泛。这些纳米材料可用于医学和牙科领域的对比成像剂、联合治疗剂和靶向输送系统。通常，纳米粒子被发现为合成或天然有机材料，如羟磷灰石、聚合物和脂质。此外，它们也可以是无机的，例如基于金属或金属氧化物的颗粒。这些无机纳米粒子还可以具有磁性，例如超顺磁氧化铁纳米粒子。将纳米粒子用作药物输送剂有许多优点，因为它们有助于减少体内的毒性作用，因为药物剂量显著减少，提高了药物的生物相容性，并有助于将药物靶向特定器官。作为靶向输送剂，其中一种应用是将纳米粒子用作骨组织的药物输送颗粒来治疗癌症、骨质疏松症、骨疾病和牙周炎等牙科治疗。将它们作为药物输送剂应用需要很好地理解纳米粒子的性质和组成，以及它们的合成和药物附着特性。大小、形状、核壳设计和磁性等特性会影响它们在人体内的行为，并在磁性纳米粒子的情况下改变磁性特性。基于此，许多不同的研究已经改进了这些纳米粒子的合成方法，并开发了用于治疗药物输送的复合系统，以适应和改善磁性、壳核设计和颗粒大小以及纳米系统特性。本综述介绍了最近提出的用于骨和牙科药物输送的不同类型和结构的纳米粒子的研究。
