Liu Yufang, Zhang Fuxin
College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
J Dairy Sci. 2022 Jun;105(6):4804-4817. doi: 10.3168/jds.2021-21325. Epub 2022 Mar 26.
Antibiotic resistance genes, as newly emerging contaminants, have become a serious challenge to public health through the food chain. The gut of humans and animals is an important reservoir for the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes because of the great abundance and diversity of intestinal microbiota. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of goat milk on the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and gut microbial communities, especially pathogenic bacteria. Male mice were used, 12 for each of the 2 groups: a control group that received sterile distilled water and a treated group that received goat milk, and gut microbiota and antibiotic resistance genes were compared in these groups using metagenomic analysis. The results revealed that ingestion of goat milk decreased the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in the mice gut. The relative abundance of fluoroquinolone, peptide, macrolide, and β-lactam resistance genes in the total microbial genes significantly decreased after the intervention. Goat milk intake also significantly reduced the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium bolteae, Clostridium symbiosum, Helicobacter cinaedi, and Helicobacter bilis. Therefore, goat milk intake might decrease the transfer potential of antibiotic resistance gene to pathogenic bacteria in the gut. In addition, bacteria with multiple resistance mechanisms accounted for approximately 4.5% of total microbial communities in the control group, whereas it was not detectable in the goat milk group, indicating the total inhibition by goat milk intake. This study highlights the influence of goat milk on antibiotic resistome and microbial communities in the gut, and provides a new insight into the function of goat milk for further study.
抗生素抗性基因作为新出现的污染物，已通过食物链对公众健康构成严峻挑战。由于肠道微生物群的丰富性和多样性，人类和动物的肠道成为抗生素抗性基因产生和传播的重要储存库。在本研究中，我们评估了山羊奶对抗生素抗性基因多样性和丰度以及肠道微生物群落（尤其是病原菌）的影响。使用雄性小鼠，两组各12只：一组为接受无菌蒸馏水的对照组，另一组为接受山羊奶的处理组，并使用宏基因组分析比较这些组中的肠道微生物群和抗生素抗性基因。结果显示，摄入山羊奶降低了小鼠肠道中抗生素抗性基因的多样性和丰度。干预后，总微生物基因中氟喹诺酮、肽、大环内酯和β-内酰胺抗性基因的相对丰度显著降低。摄入山羊奶还显著降低了病原菌的丰度，如博氏梭菌、共生梭菌、西奈埃希菌和胆汁螺杆菌。因此，摄入山羊奶可能会降低肠道中抗生素抗性基因向病原菌的转移潜力。此外，具有多种抗性机制的细菌在对照组总微生物群落中约占4.5%，而在山羊奶组中未检测到，这表明摄入山羊奶具有完全抑制作用。本研究突出了山羊奶对肠道抗生素抗性组和微生物群落的影响，并为进一步研究山羊奶的功能提供了新的见解。
