Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.
Inflammopharmacology. 2022 Jun;30(3):1037-1045. doi: 10.1007/s10787-022-00972-6. Epub 2022 Mar 28.
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) has emerged as an important inflammatory marker of immune response associated with severity and mortality outcomes in infection diseases, including viral pneumonias.
(1) To evaluate the expression of TREM-1 in patients with COVID-19 and other viral pneumonias compared to healthy individuals; and (2) to analyze the levels of these biomarkers according to disease severity.
This review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. Studies were considered eligible if they were observational studies that provided data on the levels of TREM-1 in humans with viral pneumonia compared to healthy controls. The results of the meta-analysis were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD) and an effect size of 0.8 was considered a large effect. A subgroup analysis was performed according to the disease severity.
Seven studies were included in this systematic review. Four studies included patients with COVID-19 and three analyzed patients with different viruses. The meta-analysis was performed only with patients with COVID-19, which showed increased levels of soluble form of TREM-1 (sTREM-1) among patients with COVID-19 compared to healthy controls (SMD 1.53; 95% CI 0.53-2.52; p < 0.01). No differences were found between patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and healthy controls, but higher levels of sTREM-1 were shown among patients with severe COVID-19 (SMD 1.83; 95% CI 0.77-2.88; p < 0.01). All three studies including patients with other viral pneumonias showed that TREM-1 levels were significantly elevated in infected patients compared with controls.
These findings may provide evidence on the pro-inflammatory role of TREM-1 in these infections, contributing to the inflammatory profile and disease progression.
髓系细胞触发受体-1（TREM-1）已成为与感染性疾病（包括病毒性肺炎）的严重程度和死亡率相关的免疫反应的重要炎症标志物。
（1）评估 COVID-19 患者和其他病毒性肺炎患者与健康个体相比 TREM-1 的表达；（2）根据疾病严重程度分析这些生物标志物的水平。
本综述按照系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行。在 PubMed、Scopus、Embase 和 Google Scholar 中进行了检索。如果研究是观察性研究，提供了与健康对照组相比人类病毒性肺炎患者 TREM-1 水平的数据，则认为符合入选标准。荟萃分析的结果表示为标准化均数差（SMD），效应量为 0.8 被认为是大效应。根据疾病严重程度进行了亚组分析。
本系统综述共纳入 7 项研究。其中 4 项研究纳入了 COVID-19 患者，3 项分析了不同病毒感染的患者。仅对 COVID-19 患者进行了荟萃分析，结果显示 COVID-19 患者可溶性 TREM-1（sTREM-1）水平高于健康对照组（SMD 1.53；95%CI 0.53-2.52；p<0.01）。轻症和中度 COVID-19 患者与健康对照组之间无差异，但重症 COVID-19 患者的 sTREM-1 水平更高（SMD 1.83；95%CI 0.77-2.88；p<0.01）。纳入病毒性肺炎患者的所有 3 项研究均显示，感染患者的 TREM-1 水平明显高于对照组。
这些发现可能为 TREM-1 在这些感染中的促炎作用提供证据，有助于炎症特征和疾病进展。
