Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jul 12;25(14):7661. doi: 10.3390/ijms25147661.
Through widespread immunization against SARS-CoV-2 to or -infection, a substantial segment of the global population has acquired both humoral and cellular immunity, and there has been a notable reduction in the incidence of severe and fatal cases linked to this virus and accelerated recovery times for those infected. Nonetheless, a significant demographic, comprising around 20% to 30% of the adult population, remains unimmunized due to diverse factors. Furthermore, alongside those recovered from the infection, there is a subset of the population experiencing persistent symptoms referred to as Long COVID. This condition is more prevalent among individuals with underlying health conditions and immune system impairments. Some Long COVID pathologies stem from direct damage inflicted by the viral infection, whereas others arise from inadequate immune system control over the infection or suboptimal immunoregulation. There are differences in the serum cytokines and miRNA profiles between infected individuals who develop severe COVID-19 or Long COVID and those who control adequately the infection. This review delves into the advantages and constraints associated with employing imiquimod in human subjects to enhance the immune response during SARS-CoV-2 immunization. Restoration of the immune system can modify it towards a profile of non-susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. An adequate immune system has the potential to curb viral propagation, mitigate symptoms, and ameliorate the severe consequences of the infection.
通过广泛接种 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗来预防或感染，全球相当一部分人口已经获得了体液和细胞免疫，与该病毒相关的严重和致命病例的发病率显著降低，感染患者的康复时间也有所加快。尽管如此，由于各种因素，仍有相当一部分（约 20%至 30%）成年人未接种疫苗。此外，除了那些从感染中康复的人之外，还有一部分人群出现持续症状，被称为长新冠。这种情况在有基础疾病和免疫系统受损的人群中更为普遍。一些长新冠病理源自病毒感染造成的直接损伤，而另一些则源自免疫系统对感染的控制不足或免疫调节不佳。在感染 SARS-CoV-2 后发展为重症 COVID-19 或长新冠的患者与能够充分控制感染的患者之间，血清细胞因子和 miRNA 谱存在差异。本综述探讨了在人类受试者中使用咪喹莫特增强 SARS-CoV-2 免疫反应的优势和限制。恢复免疫系统可以使其朝着不易感染 SARS-CoV-2 的方向发展。一个健全的免疫系统有可能抑制病毒的传播、减轻症状并改善感染的严重后果。
