Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 South Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
Curr Nutr Rep. 2022 Jun;11(2):161-171. doi: 10.1007/s13668-022-00407-2. Epub 2022 Mar 26.
Increasing evidence points toward the importance of diet and its impact on cognitive decline. This review seeks to clarify the impact of four diets on cognition: the Mediterranean diet, the anti-inflammatory diet, the Seventh Day Adventist diet, and the Ketogenic diet.
Of the diets reviewed, the Mediterranean diet provides the strongest evidence for efficacy. Studies regarding the anti-inflammatory diet and Seventh Day Adventist diet are sparse, heterogeneous in quality and outcome measurements, providing limited reliable data. There is also minimal research confirming the cognitive benefits of the Ketogenic diet. Increasing evidence supports the use of the Mediterranean diet to reduce cognitive decline. The MIND-diet, a combination of the Mediterranean and DASH diets, seems especially promising, likely due to its anti-inflammatory properties. The Ketogenic diet may also have potential efficacy; however, adherence in older populations may be difficult given frequent adverse effects. Future research should focus on long-term, well-controlled studies confirming the impact of various diets, as well as the combination of diets and lifestyle modification.
越来越多的证据表明饮食及其对认知能力下降的影响的重要性。本综述旨在阐明四种饮食对认知的影响：地中海饮食、抗炎饮食、基督复临安息日会饮食和生酮饮食。
在所综述的饮食中，地中海饮食提供了最有力的疗效证据。关于抗炎饮食和基督复临安息日会饮食的研究很少，其质量和结果测量存在异质性，提供的可靠数据有限。也几乎没有研究证实生酮饮食对认知的益处。越来越多的证据支持使用地中海饮食来减少认知能力下降。地中海饮食与 DASH 饮食相结合的 MIND 饮食似乎特别有前途，可能是由于其抗炎特性。生酮饮食也可能有潜在的疗效；然而，由于经常出现不良反应，老年人的依从性可能很困难。未来的研究应侧重于长期、对照良好的研究，以确认各种饮食以及饮食与生活方式改变相结合的影响。
