National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute-Aging Branch, Padova, Italy.
National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute-Aging Branch, Padova, Italy.
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020 Oct;21(10):1402-1409. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.08.020.
Although some results are conflicting, numerous investigations have demonstrated that the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) has positive effects on brain health. This review intends to provide an update on the scientific evidence regarding the effects of adherence to the MedDiet on late-life cognitive disorders.
A systematic review was performed. The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between the databases' inceptions and May 4, 2020. PRISMA guidelines were followed; the quality of the studies was assessed using version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for the RCTs and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for the longitudinal studies. The results are reported descriptively.
Middle-aged and older adults.
The review's principal outcomes were cognitive decline, cognitive performance and function, Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and dementia.
Forty-five of the 995 articles retrieved from the databases met our criteria. Seven were RCTs and 38 were longitudinal studies. Overall the studies showed that the MedDiet has some protective effects on cognitive decline. As far as cognition domains were concerned, the MedDiet was associated only with improved global cognition. The results were mixed for MCI and AD. There was no evidence that it has a beneficial effect on dementia.
The review's analysis confirmed that adherence to the MedDiet is associated with some improvement in cognitive health. The heterogeneity of the scoring systems assessing adherence to the MedDiet and of the modalities evaluating the cognitive outcomes has played no small role in the differences emerging in the results and has hindered efforts to interpret them. Although other interventional studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy of the MedDiet in preventing cognitive disorders, the results show that it can be considered part of a multifactorial approach to improve late-life cognitive function.
尽管一些研究结果存在冲突，但大量研究已经证明，地中海饮食（MedDiet）对大脑健康有积极影响。本综述旨在提供关于坚持地中海饮食对晚年认知障碍影响的最新科学证据。
进行了系统综述。检索了 PubMed 和 Scopus 数据库中从数据库建立到 2020 年 5 月 4 日发表的纵向研究和随机对照试验（RCT）。遵循 PRISMA 指南；使用版本 2 的 Cochrane 偏倚风险工具评估 RCT 的研究质量，以及用于纵向研究的 Newcastle-Ottawa 量表。结果以描述性方式报告。
中年及以上成年人。
综述的主要结果是认知衰退、认知表现和功能、轻度认知障碍（MCI）、阿尔茨海默病（AD）和痴呆。
从数据库中检索到的 995 篇文章中有 45 篇符合我们的标准。其中 7 篇为 RCT，38 篇为纵向研究。总体而言，这些研究表明地中海饮食对认知衰退有一定的保护作用。就认知领域而言，地中海饮食仅与改善整体认知有关。对于 MCI 和 AD，结果不一。没有证据表明它对痴呆有有益的影响。
综述的分析证实，坚持地中海饮食与认知健康的某些改善有关。评估对地中海饮食的坚持的评分系统和评估认知结果的方式的异质性在结果中出现的差异中起了不小的作用，并且阻碍了对其进行解释的努力。尽管需要进行其他干预性研究来证实地中海饮食在预防认知障碍方面的功效，但结果表明，它可以被视为改善晚年认知功能的多因素方法的一部分。
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