National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food for Special Medical Purpose, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, Hunan, China.
Hunan Engineering Research Center of Livestock and Poultry Health Care, Colleges of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha City, 410128, China.
Food Funct. 2022 Apr 20;13(8):4486-4501. doi: 10.1039/d1fo03464b.
A high fat and cholesterol diet (HFCD) can modulate the gut microbiota, which is closely related with hypercholesterolemia. This study aimed to explore the anti-hypercholesterolemia effect of oryzanol, and investigate whether the function of oryzanol is associated with the gut microbiota and related metabolites. 16S rRNA and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry were applied for the gut microbiota and untargeted metabolomics, respectively. The results showed that HFCD significantly upregulated body fat accumulation and serum lipids, including triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and ratio of LDL-c/HDL-c, which induced hypercholesterolemia. Oryzanol supplementation decreased body fat accumulation and serum lipids, especially the LDL-c concentration and LDL-c/HDL-c ratio. In addition, the abundances of , , , , , , , and were increased and the abundance of was decreased in HFCD-induced hyperlipidemia hamsters. Metabolites were changed after HFCD treatment and 9 differential metabolites belonged to bile acids and 8 differential metabolites belonged to amino acids. Those genera and metabolites were significantly associated with serum lipids. HFCD also disrupted the intestinal barrier. Oryzanol supplementation reversed the changes of the gut microbiota and metabolites, and intestinal barrier injury was also partly relieved. This suggests that oryzanol supplementation modulating the gut microbiota contributes to its anti-hyperlipidemia function, especially anti-hypercholesterolemia.
高脂肪和高胆固醇饮食（HFCD）可以调节肠道微生物群，而肠道微生物群与高胆固醇血症密切相关。本研究旨在探索谷维素的降胆固醇作用，并探讨谷维素的功能是否与肠道微生物群及其相关代谢物有关。16S rRNA 和超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱分别用于肠道微生物组和非靶向代谢组学分析。结果表明，HFCD 显著上调体脂积累和血清脂质，包括甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-c）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）和 LDL-c/HDL-c 比值，导致高胆固醇血症。谷维素补充剂可减少体脂积累和血清脂质，特别是 LDL-c 浓度和 LDL-c/HDL-c 比值。此外，在 HFCD 诱导的高脂血症仓鼠中， 、 、 、 、 、 、 和 的丰度增加，而 的丰度降低。HFCD 处理后代谢物发生变化，有 9 个差异代谢物属于胆汁酸，8 个差异代谢物属于氨基酸。这些属和代谢物与血清脂质显著相关。HFCD 还破坏了肠道屏障。谷维素补充剂逆转了肠道微生物群和代谢物的变化，部分缓解了肠道屏障损伤。这表明，谷维素通过调节肠道微生物群来发挥其降血脂作用，特别是降胆固醇作用。
