Feng June, Sosnoff Connie S, Bernert John T, Blount Benjamin C, Li Yao, Del Valle-Pinero Arseima Y, Kimmel Heather L, van Bemmel Dana M, Rutt Sharyn M, Crespo-Barreto Juan, Borek Nicolette, Edwards Kathryn C, Alexander Ricky, Arnstein Stephen, Lawrence Charles, Hyland Andrew, Goniewicz Maciej L, Rehmani Imran, Pine Brittany, Pagnotti Vincent, Wade Erin, Sandlin James, Luo Zuzheng, Piyankarage Sujeewa, Hatsukami Dorothy K, Hecht Stephen S, Conway Kevin P, Wang Lanqing
Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2022 Mar 26;24(5):768-777. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab206.
The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study is a longitudinal cohort study on tobacco use behavior, attitudes and beliefs, and tobacco-related health outcomes, including biomarkers of tobacco exposure in the U.S. population. In this report we provide a summary of urinary nicotine metabolite measurements among adult users and non-users of tobacco from Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the PATH Study.
Total nicotine and its metabolites including cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (HCTT), and other minor metabolites were measured in more than 11 500 adult participants by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods. Weighted geometric means (GM) and least square means from statistical modeling were calculated for non-users and users of various tobacco products.
Among daily users, the highest GM concentrations of nicotine, cotinine and HCTT were found in exclusive smokeless tobacco users, and the lowest in exclusive e-cigarette users. Exclusive combustible product users had intermediate concentrations, similar to those found in users of multiple products (polyusers). Concentrations increased with age within the categories of tobacco users, and differences associated with gender, race/ethnicity and educational attainment were also noted among user categories. Recent (past 12 months) former users had GM cotinine concentrations that were more than threefold greater than never users.
These urinary nicotine metabolite data provide quantification of nicotine exposure representative of the entire US adult population during 2013-2014 and may serve as a reference for similar analyses in future measurements within this study.
Nicotine and its metabolites in urine provide perhaps the most fundamental biomarkers of recent nicotine exposure. This report, based on Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, provides the first nationally representative data describing urinary nicotine biomarker concentrations in both non-users, and users of a variety of tobacco products including combustible, e-cigarette and smokeless products. These data provide a urinary biomarker concentration snapshot in time for the entire US population during 2013-2014, and will provide a basis for comparison with future results from continuing, periodic evaluations in the PATH Study.
烟草与健康人口评估（PATH）研究是一项关于美国人群烟草使用行为、态度和信念以及烟草相关健康结果（包括烟草暴露生物标志物）的纵向队列研究。在本报告中，我们总结了PATH研究第1波（2013 - 2014年）中成年烟草使用者和非使用者尿液中尼古丁代谢物的测量结果。
采用液相色谱串联质谱法对超过11500名成年参与者的总尼古丁及其代谢物（包括可替宁、反式-3'-羟基可替宁（HCTT）和其他次要代谢物）进行测量。通过统计建模计算了各类烟草产品非使用者和使用者的加权几何均值（GM）和最小二乘均值。
在每日使用者中，纯无烟烟草使用者的尼古丁、可替宁和HCTT的GM浓度最高，纯电子烟使用者的浓度最低。纯可燃产品使用者的浓度处于中间水平，与多种产品使用者（多产品使用者）的浓度相似。在各类烟草使用者中，浓度随年龄增加，并且在使用者类别中还注意到与性别、种族/族裔和教育程度相关的差异。近期（过去12个月）的既往使用者的可替宁GM浓度比从不使用者高出三倍多。
这些尿液尼古丁代谢物数据提供了2013 - 2014年期间代表美国成年人口的尼古丁暴露量化结果，并可作为本研究未来测量中类似分析的参考。
尿液中的尼古丁及其代谢物可能是近期尼古丁暴露的最基本生物标志物。本报告基于烟草与健康人口评估（PATH）研究的第1波，提供了首批具有全国代表性的数据来描述非使用者以及包括可燃、电子烟和无烟产品在内的各类烟草产品使用者尿液中尼古丁生物标志物的浓度。这些数据提供了2013 - 2014年期间美国全体人口尿液生物标志物浓度的即时快照，并将为与PATH研究持续定期评估的未来结果进行比较提供基础。
